1.

Đầu tiên ta cm: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\forall a,b>0\)

Ta có:

\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{ab}}{ab}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\frac{2}{\frac{a+b}{2}}=\frac{4}{a+b}\) (cô si)

Dấu "=" khi a = b.

Áp dụng:

\(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+4xy\) \(=\left(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{4xy}+4xy\right)+\frac{5}{4xy}\)

\(\ge\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4xy}\cdot4xy}+\frac{5}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)

\(=4+2+5=11\)

Vậy Min_A = 11 khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(P=\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-x+1}\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=P\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1-Px^2+Px-P=0\)(*)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-P\right)x^2+Px+\left(1-P\right)=0\)

\(\Delta=P^2-4\left(1-P\right)^2\)

\(=P^2-4\left(1-2P+P^2\right)=-3P^2+8P-4\)

Để P có GTNN và GTLN thì phương trình (*) có nghiệm

\(\Leftrightarrow\Delta\ge0\Leftrightarrow-3P^2+8P-4\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-3P^2+2P+6P-4\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-P\left(3P-2\right)+2\left(3P-2\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3P-2\right)\left(2-P\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\le P\le2\)

Vậy \(min_P=\frac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=-1\); \(max_P=2\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

\(\left(x+y\right)^2+7\left(x+y\right)+y^2+10=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+2\cdot\left(x+y\right)\cdot\frac{7}{2}+\frac{49}{4}-\frac{9}{4}=-y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+\frac{7}{2}\right)^2-\frac{9}{4}=-y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+2\right)\left(x+y+5\right)=-y^2\le0\)

Vì \(x+y+2< x+y+5\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+2\le0\\x+y+5\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow-5\le x+y\le-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-4\le x+y+1\le-1\)

Vậy: \(Min=-4\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.;Max=-1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(1,\) Áp dụng BĐT: \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\text{ và }\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y\)

\(A=\left(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+17\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+17\\ A\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+17\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right)^2+17=\dfrac{25}{2}+17=\dfrac{59}{2}\\ \text{Dấu }"="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\dfrac{1}{a}=b+\dfrac{1}{b}\\a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(2,\text{Đặt }A=\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}\\ \Leftrightarrow A^2=\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy^2z}{xz}+\dfrac{xyz^2}{xy}+\dfrac{x^2yz}{yz}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow A^2=\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}+2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow A^2=\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}+6\)

Áp dụng Cosi: \(\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}\ge2y^2\)

CMTT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}\ge2z^2\\\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}\ge2x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Cộng VTV \(\Leftrightarrow A^2\ge2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+6=12\\ \Leftrightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{3}\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)

3, \(P=a+b+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{2}{b}\)

=\(\left(\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{a}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{2}+\frac{2}{b}\right)+\frac{a+b}{2}\)

AD bđt cosi vs hai số dương có:

\(\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{a}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2a}.\frac{a}{2}}=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)

\(\frac{b}{2}+\frac{2}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b}{2}.\frac{2}{b}}=2\)

Có \(\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\) (vì a+b \(\ge3\))

=> \(P=\left(\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{a}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{2}+\frac{2}{b}\right)+\frac{a+b}{2}\ge1+2+\frac{3}{2}\)

<=> P \(\ge4.5\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{2a}=\frac{a}{2}\\\frac{b}{2}=\frac{2}{b}\\a+b=3\end{matrix}\right.\) <=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=1\\b^2=4\\a+b=3\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2\\a+b=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> a=2,b=3

Vậy minP=4.5 <=>a=1,b=2

\(1,A=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{xy}=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{2xy}\)

                                             \(\ge\frac{4}{\left(x+y^2\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}}\ge\frac{4}{1}+\frac{2}{1}=6\)

Dấu "=" <=> x= y = 1/2

\(2,A=\frac{x^2+y^2}{xy}=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=\left(\frac{x}{9y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\frac{8x}{9y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{9y}.\frac{y}{x}}+\frac{8.3y}{9y}\)

                                                                                                  \(=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}+\frac{8.3}{9}=\frac{10}{3}\)

Dấu "=" <=> x = 3y

bài 3 min hay max ?

\(A=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+4xy=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}+\left(\frac{1}{4xy}+4xy\right)+\frac{5}{4xy}\)

\(\ge\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4xy}.4xy}+\frac{5}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)

\(\ge4+2+5=11\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)

Vậy..

\(A=\frac{\sqrt{z\left(x+y+z\right)+xy}+\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\frac{\sqrt{z^2+xy+yz+zx}+\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}\)

\(A=\frac{\sqrt{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}+\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{\sqrt{\left(z+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}\)

\(A\ge\frac{z+\sqrt{xy}+x+y}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\frac{1+\sqrt{xy}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=1\)

\(A_{min}=1\) khi \(x=y\)

\(P=\sum\frac{x^2\left(y+z\right)}{yz}\ge\sum\frac{4x^2\left(y+z\right)}{\left(y+z\right)^2}=\sum\frac{4x^2}{y+z}\ge\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{y+z+z+x+x+y}=2\left(x+y+z\right)=2\)

\(P_{min}=2\) khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)

Câu 2 có dương không nhỉ? Không dương thì không làm được

\(A=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{2xy}\ge\frac{4}{x^2+y^2+2xy}+\frac{2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=\frac{6}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge6\)

\(A_{min}=6\) khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)

1) \(P\ge\frac{x^2.2\sqrt{yz}}{yz}+\frac{y^2.2\sqrt{zx}}{zx}+\frac{z^2.2\sqrt{xy}}{xy}=\frac{2x^2}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{2y^2}{\sqrt{zx}}+\frac{2z^2}{\sqrt{xy}}\ge4\left(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\right)=4\left\{\left[\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{1}{4}\left(y+z\right)\right]+\left[\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{1}{4}\left(z+x\right)\right]+\left[\frac{z^2}{x+y}+\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)\right]\right\}-2\left(x+y+z\right)\ge4\left(x+y+z\right)-2\left(x+y+z\right)=2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)

2) \(A=\left[\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+4\left(x^2+y^2\right)\right]+\left(\frac{1}{xy}+16xy\right)-4\left(x+y\right)^2-8xy\ge4+8-4-2.\left(x+y\right)^2=8-2.\left(x+y\right)^2\ge8-2=6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)

Tham khảo nhé :