a, \(x^2\) + 4\(x\) - y² + 4

= (\(x^2\) + 4\(x\) + 4) - y²

= (\(x\) + 2)² - y²

= (\(x\) + 2 - y)(\(x\) + 2 + y)

b, 2\(x^2\) - 18

= 2.(\(x^2\) -9)

= 2.(\(x\) -3).(\(x\) + 3)

c, \(x^3\) - \(x^2\) - \(x\) + 1

= (\(x^3\) + 1) - (\(x^2\) +  \(x\))

= (\(x\) + 1)(\(x\)² - \(x\) + 1) - \(x\).(\(x\) + 1)

=(\(x\) + 1).(\(x^2\) - \(x\) + 1  - \(x\))

= (\(x\) + 1).(\(x\) - 1)²

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-2x^2+x^2-2x+x-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-2\right)+x\left(x-2\right)+\left(x-2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)

`x^3-x^2-x-2`

`=x^3-2x^2+x^2-2x+x-2`

`=(x^3-2x^2)+(x^2-2x)+(x-2)`

`=x^2(x-2)+x(x-2)+(x-2)`

`=(x-2)(x^2+x+1)`

`@` `\text {Ans}`

`\downarrow`

`x^3 - x^2 - x - 2`

`= x^3 - 2x^2 + x^2 - 2x + x - 2`

`= (x^3 - 2x^2) + (x^2 - 2x) + (x-2)`

`= x^2(x - 2) + x(x - 2) + (x-2)`

`= (x^2 + x + 1)(x-2)`

\(x^2\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)=\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x-1\right)\)

\(x^3-x^2-x+1\)

\(=x^2\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)^2\cdot\left(x+1\right)\)

\(x^3-x^2-x+1=\left(x^3-x^2\right)-\left(x-1\right)=x^2\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)=\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x-1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x-1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2\)

a) \(x^4+8x+63\)

\(=x^4+4x^3+9x^2-4x^3-16x^2-36x+7x^2+28x+63\)

\(=x^2\left(x^2+4x+9\right)-4x\left(x^2+4x+9\right)+7\left(x^2+4x+9\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2+4x+9\right)\left(x^2-4x+7\right)\)

c) \(\left(x^2+2x+7\right)+\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\left(x^2+2x+3\right)\left(1\right)\)

Ta có : \(x^3-8=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+2x+4=\dfrac{x^3-8}{x-2}\)

\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow\left[\left(\dfrac{x^3-8}{x-2}+3\right)\right]+\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{x^3-8}{x-2}-1\right)\right]\)

\(=\left[\left(\dfrac{x^3-3x-14}{x-2}\right)\right]+\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{x^3-2x-5}{x-2}\right)\right]\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{x-2}\left[x^3-3x-14+\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\left(x^3-2x-5\right)\right]\)

\(x^3-x^2+7x-7=x^2\left(x-1\right)+7\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+7\right)\)

`1)x^3-7x+6`

`=x^3-x-6x+6`

`=x(x-1)(x+1)-6(x-1)`

`=(x-1)(x^2+x-6)`

`=(x-1)(x^2-2x+3x-6)`

`=(x-1)[x(x-2)+3(x-2)]`

`=(x-1)(x-2)(x+3)`

`2)x^3-9x^2+6x+16`

`=x^3-2x^2-7x^2+14x-8x+16`

`=x^2(x-2)-7x(x-2)-8(x-2)`

`=(x-2)(x^2-7x-8)`

`=(x-2)(x^2-8x+x-8)`

`=(x-2)[x(x-8)+x-8]`

`=(x-2)(x-8)(x+1)`

`3)x^3-6x^2-x+30`

`=x^3+2x^2-8x^2-16x+15x+30`

`=x^2(x+2)-8x(x+2)+15(x+2)`

`=(x+2)(x^2-8x+15)`

`=(x+2)(x^2-3x-5x+15)`

`=(x+2)[x(x-3)-5(x-3)]`

`=(x+2)(x-3)(x-5)`

`4)2x^3-x^2+5x+3`

`=2x^3+x^2-2x^2-x+6x+3`

`=x^2(2x+1)-x(2x+1)+3(2x+1)`

`=(2x+1)(x^2-x+3)`

`5)27x^3-27x^2+18x-4`

`=27x^3-9x^2-18x^2+6x+12x-4`

`=9x^2(3x-1)-6x(3x-1)+4(3x-1)`

`=(3x-1)(9x^2-6x+4)`

1) Ta có: \(x^3-7x+6\)

\(=x^3-x-6x+6\)

\(=x\left(x^2-1\right)-6\left(x-1\right)\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x-6\right)\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)\)

2) Ta có: \(x^3-9x^2+6x+16\)

\(=x^3-2x^2-7x^2+14x-8x+16\)

\(=x^2\left(x-2\right)-7x\left(x-2\right)-8\left(x-2\right)\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2-7x-8\right)\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-8\right)\left(x+1\right)\)

3) Ta có: \(x^3-6x^2-x+30\)

\(=x^3+2x^2-8x^2-16x+15x+30\)

\(=x^2\left(x+2\right)-8x\left(x+2\right)+15\left(x+2\right)\)

\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-8x+15\right)\)

\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-5\right)\)

4) Ta có: \(2x^3-x^2+5x+3\)

\(=2x^3+x^2-2x^2-x+6x+3\)

\(=x^2\left(2x+1\right)-x\left(2x+1\right)+6\left(2x+1\right)\)

\(=\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+6\right)\)

5) Ta có: \(27x^3-27x^2+18x-4\)

\(=27x^3-9x^2-18x^2+6x+12x-4\)

\(=9x^2\left(3x-1\right)-6x\left(3x-1\right)+4\left(3x-1\right)\)

\(=\left(3x-1\right)\left(9x^2-6x+4\right)\)

a) x² - 9

= x² - 3²

= (x - 3)(x + 3)

b) 4x² - 1

= (2x)² - 1²

= (2x - 1)(2x + 1)

c) x⁴ - 16

= (x²)² - 4²

= (x² - 4)(x² + 4)

= (x² - 2²)(x² + 4)

= (x - 2)(x + 2)(x + 4)

d) x² - 4x + 4

= x² - 2.x.2 + 2²

= (x - 2)²

e) x³ - 8

= x³ - 2³

= (x - 2)(x² + 2x + 4)

f) x³ + 3x² + 3x + 1

= x³ + 3.x².1 + 3.x.1² + 1³

= (x + 1)³

b) x3 – x2 – 5x + 125

= (x3 + 125) - (x2 + 5x)

= (x + 5)(x2 - 5x + 25) - x(x + 5)

= (x + 5)(x2 - 5x + 25 - x)

= (x + 5)(x2 - 6x + 25)