Tìm các số a, b, c  biết rằng :

     1 . Ta có:       \(\frac{a}{20}=\frac{b}{9}=\frac{c}{6}=\frac{a}{20}=\frac{2b}{9.2}=\frac{4c}{6.4}=\frac{a}{20}=\frac{2b}{18}=\frac{4c}{24}\)

 Ap dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bắng nhau ta dược :

                    \(\frac{a}{20}=\frac{2b}{18}=\frac{4c}{24}\)=\(\frac{a-2b+4c}{20-18+24}=\frac{13}{26}=\frac{1}{3}\)( do x+2b+4c=13)

Nên : a/20=1/3\(\Leftrightarrow\)     a=1/3.20    \(\Leftrightarrow\)a=20/3

        b/9=1/3   \(\Leftrightarrow\)      b=1/3.9     \(\Leftrightarrow\)    b=3

        c/6=1/3   \(\Leftrightarrow\)      c=1/3.6   \(\Leftrightarrow\)      c= 2

mấy bài sau làm tương tự nhu câu 1

i) Đặt \(\frac{a}{2}=\frac{b}{3}=\frac{c}{4}=k\Rightarrow\begin{cases}a=2k\\b=3k\\c=4k\end{cases}\)

Vì a³ + b³ + c³ = 792 => 8k³ + 27k³ + 64k³ = 792 => 99k³ = 792 => k³ = 8 => k = 2

=> \(\begin{cases}a=4\\b=6\\c=8\end{cases}\)

Bài g tương tự bài i

e) Từ 3a = 7b => \(\frac{a}{7}=\frac{b}{3}\)

Đặt \(k=\frac{a}{7}=\frac{b}{3}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}a=7k\\b=3k\end{cases}\)

Vì a² - b² = 160 => 49k² - 9k² = 160 => 40k² = 160 => k = 2 hoặc -2

Với k = 2 => \(\begin{cases}a=14\\b=6\end{cases}\)

Với k = -2 => \(\begin{cases}a=-14\\b=-6\end{cases}\)

Bài d tương tự bài e

c) Từ \(\frac{a}{7}=\frac{b}{6}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{35}=\frac{b}{30}\)

\(\frac{b}{5}=\frac{c}{8}\Rightarrow\frac{b}{30}=\frac{c}{48}\)

=> \(\frac{a}{35}=\frac{b}{30}=\frac{c}{48}\)

Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau,ta có:

\(\frac{a}{35}=\frac{b}{30}=\frac{c}{48}=\frac{a-2b+c}{35-60+48}=\frac{46}{23}=2\)

=> \(\begin{cases}a=70\\b=60\\c=96\end{cases}\)

a, Đặt \(\frac{a}{2}=\frac{b}{3}=\frac{c}{5}=k\)\(\Rightarrow a=2k\); \(b=3k\); \(c=5k\)

Ta có: \(B=\frac{a+7b-2c}{3a+2b-c}=\frac{2k+7.3k-2.5k}{3.2k+2.3k-5k}=\frac{2k+21k-10k}{6k+6k-5k}=\frac{13k}{7k}=\frac{13}{7}\)

b, Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2a-1}=\frac{2}{3b-1}=\frac{3}{4c-1}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2a-1}{1}=\frac{3b-1}{2}=\frac{4c-1}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{1}=\frac{3\left(b-\frac{1}{3}\right)}{2}=\frac{4\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{2\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{12}=\frac{3\left(b-\frac{1}{3}\right)}{2.12}=\frac{4\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{3.12}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{6}=\frac{\left(b-\frac{1}{3}\right)}{8}=\frac{\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{9}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{3\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{18}=\frac{2\left(b-\frac{1}{3}\right)}{16}=\frac{\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{3a-\frac{3}{2}}{18}=\frac{2b-\frac{2}{3}}{16}=\frac{c-\frac{1}{4}}{9}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\frac{3a-\frac{3}{2}}{18}=\frac{2b-\frac{2}{3}}{16}=\frac{c-\frac{1}{4}}{9}=\frac{3a-\frac{3}{2}+2b-\frac{2}{3}-\left(c-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{18+16-9}=\frac{3a-\frac{3}{2}+2b-\frac{2}{3}-c+\frac{1}{4}}{25}\)

\(=\frac{\left(3a+2b-c\right)-\left(\frac{3}{2}+\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{4}\right)}{25}=\left(4-\frac{23}{12}\right)\div25=\frac{25}{12}\times\frac{1}{25}=\frac{1}{12}\)

Do đó:  +)  \(\frac{a-\frac{1}{2}}{6}=\frac{1}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow a-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{6}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow a=1\)

+) \(\frac{b-\frac{1}{3}}{8}=\frac{1}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow b-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{8}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow b=1\)

+) \(\frac{c-\frac{1}{4}}{9}=\frac{1}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow c-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{9}{12}\)\(\Rightarrow c=1\)

Ta có :

\(\frac{3a-2b}{5}=\frac{2c-5a}{3}=\frac{15a-10b}{25}=\frac{6c-15a}{9}\)

\(=\frac{15a-10b+6c-15a}{25+9}=\frac{6c-10b}{34}=\frac{3c-5b}{17}=\frac{5b-3c}{2}\) = 0

=> a+b+c = 5a = - 50 => a = -10; b = -15 ; c = -25

Đặt A=\(\left(\frac{-a}{2}+\frac{b}{3}+\frac{c}{6}\right)^3+\left(\frac{a}{3}+\frac{b}{6}-\frac{c}{2}\right)^3+\left(\frac{a}{6}-\frac{b}{2}+\frac{c}{3}\right)^3\)

\(=\left(\frac{-3a+2b+c}{6}\right)^3+\left(\frac{2a+b-3c}{6}\right)^3+\left(\frac{a-3b+2c}{6}\right)^3\)

\(=\left(\frac{-3a+2b+c+2a+b-3c+a-3b+2c}{6}\right)^3-\frac{\left(-a+3b-2c\right)\left(3a-2b-c\right)\left(-2a-b+3c\right)}{72}\)

(Hằng đẳng thức)

\(=0-\frac{\left(-a+3b-2c\right)\left(3a-2b-c\right)\left(-2a-b+3c\right)}{72}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-3b+2c\right)\left(-3a+2b+c\right)\left(2a+b-3c\right)}{72}=\frac{1}{8}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-3b+2c\right)\left(2a+b-3c\right)\left(-3a+2b+c\right)=9\)(đpcm).

Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-schwarz dạng engel ta có:

1. \(\frac{a^2}{a+2b}+\frac{b^2}{b+2c}+\frac{c^2}{c+2a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+2b\right)+\left(b+2c\right)+\left(c+2a\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{3}\)

Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{a+2b}=\frac{b}{b+2c}=\frac{c}{c+2a}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

2. \(\frac{a^2}{2a+3b}+\frac{b^2}{2b+3c}+\frac{c^2}{2c+3a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(2a+3b\right)+\left(2b+3c\right)+\left(2c+3a\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{5}\)

Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

BĐT 1 sai ngay với \(a=\sqrt{0,1},b=\sqrt{0,2},c=\sqrt{2,7}\)

BĐT 2 tương đương với đi chứng minh \(a^4b^4+b^4c^4+c^4a^4\geq 3a^2b^2c^2\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(a^4b^4+b^4c^4\geq 2a^2b^4c^2\)

Tương tự \(b^4c^4+c^4a^4\geq 2b^2c^4a^2,a^4b^4+c^4a^4\geq 2a^4b^2c^2\)

Cộng theo vế và rút gọn:

\(\Rightarrow a^4b^4+b^4c^4+c^4a^4\geq a^2b^2c^2(a^2+b^2+c^2)=3a^2b^2c^2\)

Do đó ta có đpcm. Dấu $=$ xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$

a)Vì \(\frac{a}{7}=\frac{b}{6}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{35}=\frac{b}{30}\left(1\right)\)

        \(\frac{b}{5}=\frac{c}{8}\Rightarrow\frac{b}{30}=\frac{c}{48}\left(2\right)\)

                Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:\(\frac{a}{35}=\frac{b}{30}=\frac{c}{48}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

    \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{35}=\frac{b}{30}=\frac{c}{48}=\frac{a}{35}=\frac{2b}{60}=\frac{c}{48}=\frac{a-2b+c}{35-60+48}=\frac{46}{23}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}\frac{a}{35}=2\\\frac{b}{30}=2\\\frac{c}{48}=2\end{cases}\)\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}a=70\\b=60\\c=96\end{cases}\)

                    Vậy a=70;b=60;c=96

Ta CM BĐT phụ sau: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}},a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)( co si với a,b>0)

Suy ra \(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge4\RightarrowĐPCM\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1\right)\)

a/Áp dụng (1) có

\(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\left(2\right)\).Tương tự ta cũng có:

\(\frac{1}{b+c+2a}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\left(3\right),\frac{1}{c+a+2b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\left(4\right)\)

Cộng (2),(3) và (4) có \(VT\le\frac{1}{4}.\left(6+6\right)=3\left(ĐPCM\right)\)

b/Áp dụng (1) có:

\(\frac{1}{3a+3b+2c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b+2c\right)+2\left(a+b\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right)\left(5\right)\)

Tương tự có: \(\frac{1}{3a+2b+3c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c+2b}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)\left(6\right)\)

\(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\left(7\right)\)

Cộng (5),(6) và (7) có:

\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}+\frac{1}{a+c+2b}+\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\right)\le\frac{1}{4}.9=\frac{3}{2}\)