để \(\dfrac{-3}{x-1}\) nguyên thì -3 ⋮(x-1)
=> (x-1) ∈Ư (-3)={-3 ;-1;1;3}
=> x ∈ { -2;0;2;4}
vậy x ∈ { -2;0;2;4} thì \(\dfrac{-3}{x-1}\) nguyên
c) để\(\dfrac{3x-1}{x-1}\)nguyên thì (3x-1)⋮(x-1)
vì (x-1)⋮(x-1)
=> 3(x-1)⋮(x-1)
=> (3x-3 )⋮(x-1)
=> (3x-3)-(3x-1) ⋮(x-1)
=> (3x-3-3x+1)⋮(x-1)
=> -2 ⋮(x-1)
=> (x-1)∈ Ư(-2)={-2;-1;1;2}
=> x ∈{ -1;0;2;3}
vậy x ∈{ -1;0;2;3} thì thỏa mẫn đề bài