Có 18 cấu trúc:
S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + time ago (nhận dạng cấu trúc: began/ started to V/ Ving: bắt đầu làm gì) S + last + Ved + time+ ago: Lần cuối cùng làm gì This is the first time + S +have/has+P2: Lần đầu làm gì This is the Superlative (…est/ most ADJ N) S +have/has+P2 S + Be/V + too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something: Quá....để cho ai làm gì... S + Be/V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V+O: Quá... đến nỗi mà... It + Be/V + such + (a/an) + (adj) + N(s) + that + S + V +O: Quá... đến nỗi mà... S + Be/V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something : Đủ... cho ai đó làm gì... It’s adj (for Sb) to do sth: Ai đó làm gì như thế nào? S+ should/ ought to/ had better+ V Although/ Though/ Even though + clause (S+V) S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V (chỉ mục đích) There’s no point in Ving: không đáng, không có ích khi làm gì?Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu gián tiếp
- Đề nghị: Suggest
Shall we+ V..../Let's+ V.../How/What about+ Ving..../Why dont we + V ..
=> S+ suggested+ Ving: đề nghị cùng làm gì.
Ví dụ: "Why don’t we go out for a walk?” said the boy.
=> The boy suggested going out for a walk
- Gợi ý cho người khác: “Why don’t you+ Vo?
=> S+ suggested+ that+ S+ should/shouldn't+ V
Ví dụ: “Why don’t you have a rest?” he said to her
=> He suggested that she should have a rest.
- Cáo buộc : S accused Sb of doing sth
“You stole the money on the table”, she said to him
=> She accused him of stealing the money on the table.
- Thừa nhận hoặc phủ nhận
S+ admitted/ denied+ Ving/ having P2.
He said “Yes, I did”
=> He admitted stealing/ having stolen the money on the table
He said: “ No, I didn’t”
=> He denied stealing/ having stolen the money on the table
- Lời khuyên (should/ought to/ had better/ If I were you.../ Why don’t you)
S + advised sb + (not) to V
“If I were you, I would save some money” she said
=> She advised me to save some money.
“You shouldn’t believe him” Jane said to Peter.
=> Jane advised Peter not to believe him.
- Câu mời (Would you like......?)
S+ offered Sb Sth S+ offered to do Sth S + invited sb+ to VWould you like a cup of coffee, Peter?” I said.
=> I offered Peter a cup of coffee.
“Would you like me to clean the house for you” he said.
=> He offered to clean the house for me.
“Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” he said.
=> He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night.
- Dặn dò: S + remember + to do Sth
=> S + don’t forget + to do Sth
=> S remind Sb to do Sth
He told me: “Don’t forget to come here on time tomorrow”.
=> He reminded me to come there on time the next day.
She said to all of us: “Remember to submit the report by this Thursday”
=> She reminded all of us to submit the report by that Thursday.
- Cảm ơn: Thank Sb for Ving/ N
“Thank you for helping me finish this project “ he said to us.
=> He thanked us for helping him finish that project.
“ Thank you for this lovely present.” I said to him.
=> I thanked him for that lovely present.
- Xin lỗi: S apologized to sb for Ving
“Sorry, I broke your vase” he said to his mother.
=> He apologized to his mother for breaking her vase
- Khen ngợi: S congratulated Sb on Ving
“Congratulations! You won the first prize” he said to me.
=> He congratulated me on winning the first prize.
- Đe dọa: S+ threatened (sb)+to V/ not to V : đe doạ (ai) làm gì
He said " I will kill you if you don’t do that "-
=> He threatened to kill me if I didn’t do that
15.
Chú ý đến các dạng cấu trúc trong câu điều kiện- Unless = If not.
If you don’t have a visa, you can not come to America
=> Unless you have a visa, you can not come to America
- Đảo ngữ trong điều kiện loại 1: Should+ S+ V
+ Loại 2: Were S+ Adj/N / to V
+ Loại 3: Had+ S+ (not) P2
Đề thi minh họa 2015:
You can ring this number whenever there is any difficulty.
Should there be any difficulty, ring this number
16.
Các cấu trúc liên quan đến so sánh: Cấu trúc tăng tiến cấp độ: The 8-year-old bride movie is more and more interesting. Cấu trúc càng… càng: The older he is, the less he wants to travel. 17. Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu bị động trong tiếng anh- Have Sb do sth => have Sth done
Ví dụ: We get him to look after our house when we are on business.
=> We get our house looked after (by him) when we are on business
- Make Sb do sth-> Sb be made to do Sth
The teacher made the students work hard.
=> The students were made to work hard.
- People say S+ V
=> It be said that S+ V
=> S be said to V/ to have P2
Ví dụ: People say that he drinks a lot of wine.
=> It is said that he drinks a lot of wine.
18.
Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu đảo ngữ.- Never will I speak to him again.
- No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang.
- Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang.
- Only after posting the letter did I realize that I had forgotten to put on a stamp.
- Not until I asked a passer-by did I know where I was = It was not until I asked a passer-by that I knew where I was.
- Around the corner is the hospital.
Sự chuyển đổi từ cấu trúc ngang bằng - so sánh hơn - so sánh hơn nhất:
Ví dụ: Sally is the tallest girl in her class
=> No one in Sally’s class is as tall as her.
=> No one in Sally’s class is taller than her.
