PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot98}{10\%}=294\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot342=34,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Al}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=298,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34,2}{298,8}\cdot100\%\approx11,45\%\)