a, 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) + ... + \(4^{60}\) chia hết cho 5
= ( 4 + \(4^2\) ) + ( \(4^3\) + \(4^4\) ) +... + ( \(4^{59}\) + \(4^{60}\))
= ( 4 + \(4^2\) ) + \(4^3\) . ( 4 + \(4^2\) ) +... + \(4^{59}\). ( 4 + \(4^2\) )
= 20 + \(4^3\) . 20 + ... + \(4^{59}\) . 20
= 20 . ( 1 + \(4^3\) + ... + \(4^{59}\) ) chia hết cho 5
4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) + ... + \(4^{60}\) chia hết cho 21
= ( 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) ) + ( \(4^4\) + \(4^5\) + \(4^6\) ) + ... + ( \(4^{58}\)+ \(4^{59}\) + \(4^{60}\) )
= ( 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) ) + \(4^4\) . ( 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) ) + ... + \(4^{58}\) . ( 4 + \(4^2\) + \(4^3\) )
= 84 + \(4^4\) . 84 + .... + \(4^{58}\) . 84
= 84 . ( 1 + \(4^4\) + ... + \(4^{58}\) ) chia hết cho 21
b, 5 + \(5^2\) + \(5^3\) + ... + \(5^{10}\) chia hết cho 6
= ( 5 + \(5^2\) ) + ( \(5^3\) + \(5^4\) ) + ... + ( \(5^9\) + \(5^{10}\) )
= ( 5 + \(5^2\) ) + \(5^3\) . ( 5 + \(5^2\) ) + ... + \(5^9\) . ( 5 + \(5^2\) )
= 30 + \(5^3\) . 30 + ... + \(5^9\) . 30
= 30 . ( 1 + \(5^3\) + ... + \(5^9\) ) chia hết cho 6
