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Văn Miếu - Quốc Tử Giám is a Temple of Confucius in Hanoi, northern Vietnam. The temple host the "ImperialAcademy" Vietnam's first national university. The temple was built in 1070 at the time of Emperor Lý Thánh Tông. It is one of several temples in Vietnam which is dedicated to Confucius, sages and scholars. The temple is located to the south of the Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long. The art works are given away as gifts or are used as home decorations for special occasions.
Temple of Literature is a historical complex at the corner of Nguyen Thai Hoc St, Ton Duc Thang St and Quoc Tu Giam St. It is just a short walk from Hang Bong St of the Old Quarter. Built in 1070, Temple of Literature is dedicated to Confucius, in 1076 it became the first university of Vietnam by establishing Quoc Tu Giam or Imperial Academy within the temple to educate bureaucrats, nobles, royalty and other members of the elite. In 1253 it was renamed to "National College". This must see temple is not only a place to discover Vietnamese ancient architecture but also an oasis of tranquility amidst Hanoi's neverending traffic chaos.
A brief history ...
The Literature Temple (Van Mieu) was constructed in 1070 during the reign of King Ly Thanh Tong to worship Confucius. This is also the first national university of Vietnam, a Confucian academy, first for the princes and mandarin only, but later distinction students of ordinary families also being accepted. This place also honored 82 doctorates who had passed through a number of rigid exams held here in feudal ages. Their names, birthdays and birthplaces are engraved in 82 headstones perched on crafted tortoises. It is well believed that touching the heads of these tortoises will bring luck.
Temple of Literature is a historical complex, consisting of five main courtyards. The best feature of the site is perhaps its peaceful and gorgeous settings with nicely maintained lawns, gardens and lotus ponds. There are 3 gates at the entrance: according to Confucian thought, the main gate was used by the King, the other two smaller ones used by mandarins, candidates and lower ranking people. This shows respect for the King and humility and patience the other side.
