\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=14,6\%.500=73\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{73}{36,5}=2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
LTL: \(0,6< \dfrac{2}{3}\) => HCl dư
Theo pthh: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=3n_{Al}=3.0,6=1,8\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,6=0,9\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> VH2 = 0,9.22,4 = 20,16 (l)
\(m_{dd}=10,8+500-0,9.2=509\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,6.133,5=80,1\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{80,1}{509}.100\%=15,74\%\)