1.
a) ( a + b + c ) - ( a - b + c )
= a + b + c - a + b - c
= ( a - a ) + ( c - c ) + ( b + b )
= 0 + 0 + 2b
= 2b
b) ( a + b - c ) + ( a - b ) - ( - a - b - c )
= a + b - c + a - b + a + b + c
= ( a + a + a ) + ( b - b + b ) + ( - c + c )
= 3a + b + 0
= 3a + b
c) - ( a - b - c ) + ( - a + b - c ) - ( - a + b - c )
= - a + b + c - a + b - c + a - b + c
= ( - a - a + a ) + ( b + b - b ) + ( c - c + c )
= - a + b - c