Ta có: \(n_{N_2O}+n_{NO_2}+n_{N_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{HNO_3}=1,85.2=3,7\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ 10n_N2O + 2n_NO2 + 12n_N2 = 3,7 (2)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{16,8}{24}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{28}{56}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

BT e, có: 8n_N2O + n_NO2 + 10n_N2 = 2n_Mg + 3n_Fe = 2,9 (3)

Từ (1), (2) và (3) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{N_2O}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{NO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{N_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\%V_{N_2}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,5}.100\%=30\%\)

m _muối = m_Mg + m_Fe + 62.(8n_N2O + n_NO2 + 10n_N2) = 224,6 (g)

a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)

c, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(l\right)=300\left(ml\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0,5.2=1\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(NaOH+HNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HNO_3}=n_{NaNO_3}=n_{NaOH}=1\left(mol\right)\)

a, \(C_{M_{HNO_3}}=\dfrac{1}{0,3}=\dfrac{10}{3}\left(M\right)\)

b, \(C_{M_{NaNO_3}}=\dfrac{1}{0,5+0,3}=1,25\left(M\right)\)

Cách 1: n_H2O = 2a (mol), n_CO2 = a (mol)

Hydrocarbon là alkan do n_H2O > n_CO2

⇒ n_CnH2n+2 = n_H2O - n_CO2 = a (mol)

\(\Rightarrow n=\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{C_nH_{2n+2}}}=1\)

→ CH₄

Cách 2:

\(2C_xH_y+\dfrac{4x+y}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2xCO_2+yH_2O\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{H_2O}}=\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{2x}{y}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

→ CH₄

\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{46,4}{232}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe_3O_4+4H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+4H_2O\)

a, Theo PT: \(n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Fe_3O_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ m_FeSO4 = 0,2.152 = 30,4 (g)

m_Fe2(SO4)3 = 0,2.400 = 80 (g)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2SO_4}=4n_{Fe_3O_4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,8.18=14,4\left(g\right)\)

b, \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,8.98}{500}.100\%=15,68\%\)

a, \(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)

b, Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=200.9,8\%=19,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\)

c, Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 8 + 200 = 208 (g)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.120}{208}.100\%\approx11,54\%\)

a, \(N_2+3H_2⇌2NH_3\)

b, Ta có: \(K_c=\dfrac{\left[NH_3\right]^2}{\left[N_2\right]\left[H_2\right]^3}=\dfrac{0,62^2}{0,45.0,14^3}\approx311,31\)

c, - Tăng nhiệt độ → giảm hiệu suất.

- Tăng áp suất → tăng hiệu suất.

- Thêm bột sắt (xúc tác) → không làm thay đổi hiệu suất.

Ta có: \(n_{KOH}=0,05.0,1=0,005\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HNO_3}=0,052.0,1=0,0052\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(KOH+HNO_3\rightarrow KNO_3+H_2O\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,005}{1}< \dfrac{0,0052}{1}\), ta được HNO₃ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{HNO_3\left(pư\right)}=n_{KOH}=0,005\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=n_{HNO_3\left(dư\right)}=0,0002\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,0002}{0,05+0,052}=\dfrac{1}{510}\left(M\right)\)

⇒ pH = -log[H⁺] ≃ 2,71

Bài 8: Bạn bổ sung thêm đề phần này nhé.

Bài 9: Bài này giống bài 2 bên dưới nhé.

Bài 10: 

\(n_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+3NaOH\rightarrow3NaNO_3+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\)

a, \(n_{NaOH}=3n_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,9}{2}=0,45\left(l\right)\)

b, \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,15.160=24\left(g\right)\)

Bài 11:

Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200.12\%}{40}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(2NaOH+FeCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\)

a, \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3.127}{100}.100\%=38,1\%\)

b, \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 200 + 100 - 0,3.90 = 273 (g)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,6.58,5}{273}.100\%\approx12,86\%\)

Bài 4:

Ta có: \(n_{CuCl_2}=0,1.1,5=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)

a, \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuCl_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,15.98=14,7\left(g\right)\)

b, \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{CuCl_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)\)

c, \(n_{NaCl}=2n_{CuCl_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,15+0,1}=1,2\left(M\right)\)