Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

a, \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,3.24=7,2\left(g\right)\)

b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)

c, Cách 1: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=0,3.95=28,5\left(g\right)\)

Cách 2: Theo ĐLBT KL, có: m_Mg + m_HCl = m_MgCl2 + m_H

⇒ m_MgCl2 = 7,2 + 21,9 - 0,3.2 = 28,5 (g)

Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

a, n_FeCl2 = n_Fe = 0,2 (mol) ⇒ m_FeCl2 = 0,2.127 = 25,4 (g)

b, n_HCl = 2n_Fe = 0,4 (mol) ⇒ m_HCl = 0,4.36,5 = 14,6 (g)

c, n_H2 = n_Fe = 0,2 (mol) ⇒ V_H2 = 0,2.24,79 = 4,958 (l)

d, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\), ta được O₂ dư.

Theo PT: n_H2O = n_H2 = 0,2 (mol)

⇒ m_H2O = 0,2.18 = 3,6 (g)

a, \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{9,916}{24,79}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,4.56=22,4\left(g\right)\)

c, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,8\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,2}=4\left(M\right)\)

Ta có: n_HCl = 2.1,2 = 2,4 (mol)

BTNT H, có: n_H2O = 1/2n_HCl = 1,2 (mol)

BTKL: m_A + m_HCl = m _muối + m_H2O

⇒ m = 164,6 + 2,4.36,5 - 1,2.18 = 230,6 (g)

→ Đáp án: A

PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,04.65=2,6\left(g\right)\)

⇒ m_Cu = 9 - 2,6 = 6,4 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{2,6}{9}.100\%\approx28,89\%\\\%m_{Cu}\approx71,11\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.1,5=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: n_Na2SO4 = n_H2SO4 = 0,3 (mol) ⇒ m_Na2SO4 = 0,3.142 = 42,6 (g)

n_NaOH = 2n_H2SO4 = 0,6 (mol) ⇒ m_NaOH = 0,6.40 = 24 (g)

c, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,4}=1,5\) → Pư tạo NaHCO₃ và Na₂CO₃.

PT: \(2NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)

\(NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)

\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_C\)

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{3,6}{18}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_H=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_O=\dfrac{m_A-m_C-m_H}{16}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi CTPT của A là C_xH_yO_z

⇒ x:y:z = 0,2:0,4:0,2 = 1:2:1

→ A có CT dạng (CH₂O)_n

Mà: M_A < 66 (g/mol)

⇒ 30n < 66 

⇒ n < 2,2

Với n = 1 → A là CH₂O.

Với n = 2 → A là C₂H₄O₂.

\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,92}{22,4}=0,175\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{KOH}=0,1.2,15=0,215\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n_{KOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=1,23\) → Pư tạo KHCO₃ và K₂CO₃

PT: \(CO_2+2KOH\rightarrow K_2CO_3+H_2O\)

\(CO_2+KOH\rightarrow KHCO_3\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{K_2CO_3}+n_{KHCO_3}=0,175\\n_{KOH}=2n_{K_2CO_3}+n_{KHCO_3}=0,215\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2CO_3}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\n_{KHCO_3}=0,135\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{K_2CO_3}}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,1}=0,4\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{KHCO_3}}=\dfrac{0,135}{0,1}=1,35\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{K_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,04.138}{0,04.138+0,135.100}.100\%\approx29,02\%\)

\(\%m_{KHCO_3}=70,98\%\)

a, Ta có: 27n_Al + 56n_Fe = 0,83 (1)

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{Fe}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,01.27}{0,83}.100\%\approx32,53\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, n_H2SO4 = n_H2 = 0,025 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,025.98}{20\%}=12,25\left(g\right)\)