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Caring Physically for the Elderly Image titled Care for the Elderly Step 1 1 Plan Ahead. Many children will eventually need to provide care for their parents. Planning ahead can help solve some of the issues before the situation becomes a last-minute emergency (for example caused by sudden illness or injury). Use technology, make the home safe for elderly people and anticipate the expenses of providing care in advance. Be sure that you’re ready for an emergency. This includes having an emergency plan in place, posting emergency phone numbers, and preparing a home first aid kit. There are many technologies available which can help keep track of the elderly, make sure that they are moving around and thus safe and are taking their medications. For example there are GPS trackers and medicine boxes that light up when medicines need to be taken. This helps allow them to stay in their homes for longer. Make the home safer by installing anti-scald devices to protect sensitive older skin, carbon monoxide detectors, special smoke detectors with strobe lights or vibration to wake up the elderly (many elderly cannot hear conventional smoke detectors) and grab bars in showers and near toilets. Caring for the elderly can be quite expensive. Do your research in advance and explore your options and potential grants or programs that might benefit your loved one. Image titled Care for the Elderly Step 2 2 Keep your loved one active. Exercise can help protect older people from disease and reduce their functional age by 10 or 15 years. It can even result in big health benefits for those who have been sedentary for many years. It can delay the need for care and keep them away from disease for longer. It is recommended that elderly people do 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity (running, swimming, walking, biking) five times per week. Those who do more intense activities where the heart rate is significantly elevated and breathing is heavier should exercise a minimum of 20 minutes per day three days a week. Weight-strengthening exercises (using free weights, resistance bands or body weight) should be performed two or three times per week on non-consecutive days. They should also perform exercises for flexibility (stretching, yoga, tai chi) for at least 10 mins every day.[1] Those who are unable to exercise independently, or at such intensity, can still benefit from being active. Passive Range of Motion (POM) exercises can help elderly people maintain joint mobility, for example.[2] It’s also important to have older people change positions frequently – this will prevent skin breakdown and painful ulcers, which are susceptible to infection. Using devices like donut or egg crate cushions on chairs and beds can be helpful in this.[3] Image titled Care for the Elderly Step 3 3 Keep an eye on their physical and mental health. If he/she has pains or medical issues, tell them to see (or take them) to a doctor. If the pains/medical issues are severe enough, it is imperative that you call a hospital and see what they can do for him/her right away. Watch for signs of weakness, extra forgetfulness, lack of direction or other unsteadiness. Mental health is often overlooked but is an important part of caring for an elderly person. Keep an eye out for signs of depression such as lack of interest, listlessness or deep feelings of sadness or anger. This can be a very difficult time for elderly people so make sure to monitor their mental well-being as well as their physical health.[4] Image titled Care for the Elderly Step 4 4 Speak to your loved one's pharmacist. The elderly may be prescribed different drugs by different doctors and only the pharmacist will know all the medications your loved one is taking. Make friends with them and speak to them regarding possible side effects and interactions. Image titled Care for the Elderly Step 5 5 Get help with driving. The idea of stopping driving can cause a lot of anger and resentment for an elderly person. Remember that being able to drive is an important component of maintaining independence and it can be difficult to accept that they are no longer fit.[5] Sometimes classes are offered for elderly drivers that may result in car insurance discounts. There are tools that aid the elderly with driving, such as by assisting an arthritic wrist in turning the key in the ignition. If it is really unsafe and your loved one continues to resist then get the help of their doctor or the DMV to prevent them from driving. Keep them mobile using public transport or a three-wheeled bicycle so that they can maintain their sense of freedom and independence. Your area might also offer transit alternatives. Some communities and non-profit organizations offer programs like volunteer driving pools, paratransit services, and escort services that can be planned ahead and provide door-to-door or curb-to-curb transport. Taxis are another option. Look for voucher programs, too. Certain agencies for the elderly or disabled help with fare assistance, which might cover partial costs for public transit but also volunteer programs, taxis, and private transport companies. You will need to apply to these programs. Image titled Care for the Elderly Step 6 6 Discuss finances. Speak to your loved one regarding their finances and possible insurance plans for long-term care. Sometimes additional benefits can be applied for to reduce heating bills or the cost of prescription medicine and these should be identified if they exist. It might be better to downsize into an affordable senior-friendly condo if they wish to remain in their own home. The elderly are particularly vulnerable to scams so make sure to discuss these and protect them. Get a credit report check at least once a year to make sure no one has stolen his or her identity. Image titled Care for the Elderly Step 7 7 Discuss legal issues. Find out about their power of attorney, [Write A Will | will], and health care proxy documents. These will sort out who can make medical decisions and financial decisions for your loved one if there is an emergency or they are incapacitated in some way.[6] If your loved one has not obtained these documents yet, help him or her to create them. Determine what sort of care your loved one wants and doesn’t want if they become unable to speak or communicate. Legal documents called “advance directives” specify this – including whether or not to use dialysis and breathing machines, tube feeding, or to resuscitate in case of cardiac arrest. Image titled Care for the Elderly Step 8 8 Find shared meals or make food for them. Sometimes senior centers will organize dinners, which can include transportation, and these are a great way for your loved one to meet with others and share a meal. Oftentimes the elderly lose interest in food, particularly if they are depressed, and these shared meals can make eating more enjoyable. Delivery services can also help elderly who experience difficulty with preparing their own food. Image titled Care for the Elderly Step 9 9 Consider a home caregiver to help the elderly person. This will solve the physical difficulties of caring for your loved one. A home caregiver can help the person accomplish whatever they need and take a lot of the burden off of the family members. They can also help the elderly person maintain some independence by keeping them in their homes. Sometimes government aid can help offset some of these expenses. Look into your options and speak to your local agency on aging if there is one. If they do not yet need a home caregiver or the home caregiver cannot perform these tasks, help them around the house. For example, help them with chores such as cleaning, laundry or gardening. Image titled Care for the Elderly Step 10 10 Consider a senior home or center. Sometimes a home caregiver is not possible, for example if the elderly person requires too much assistance or it is not affordable. A senior home will provide for and take care of your loved one. Sometimes they organize activities and have trained medical personnel keeping an eye on the elderly, making them safer and happier. Do not feel ashamed or guilty if you can no longer care for your loved one in their home or at your home. Sometimes circumstances make it impossible or even unsafe to care for the elderly at home, and this is not your fault.[7] Image titled Care for the Elderly Step 11 11 Consider caring for your loved one in your home. Caring for your loved one at home can help them to feel better and maintain strong family relationships while allowing you to spend time with them and monitor their health. Home care will require a large investment of time and energy, however, physical as well as emotional. Most falls occur at home, so fall-proofing your house is a must if you are caring for an elderly loved one. This means removing obstacles and hazards and leaving plenty of room for walking, but also installing railings and grab bars, improving lighting, and moving items so that they’re easier to reach.[8] Home care also means helping your loved one with personal hygiene and grooming. You may need to assist them with getting dressed, clipping nails, using the bathroom, brushing teeth and oral care, bathing, and other things. As an at-home caregiver, you should also maintain a schedule of routine exams for your loved one. Regular wellness check-ups – once a year or more – allows the doctor to monitor your loved one’s general health and spot potential issues.[9] Image titled Destress in 10 Minutes Step 3 12 Ease your own burdens, too. Caring for an elderly loved one puts lots of financial, emotional, and mental stress on caregivers. Think about how to give yourself a break, from time to time, in terms of time and energy but also finances. You may find that you need an occasional or regular break. Think about getting some backup with respite care. You can ask friends or family for help, use an elder companion, hire a personal care assistant, or consider adult day services.[10] Don’t forget about easing your financial burden, too. As a caregiver, you may qualify for tax breaks. For example, you may be able to claim an elderly parent as your dependent for tax purposes. To do this, you need to provide at least half of your parent’s support in housing, food, medical care, and utilities, along with meeting other requirements. You may also be able to claim their medical care as an itemized deduction or claim a dependent care tax credit.[11]

Câu trả lời:

~Living in a multiracial community~

Bài mẫu

Living in a community where there are people of various races could be a rewarding and an exciting experience. Such a community is like a small world with many types and races of people in it.

Everyone, young or old, enjoys listening to stories about people in other lands. We read books and newspapers to learn about the habits, customs and beliefs) of people who do not belong to our race, but when we live in a community composed of many races, we have the opportunity to meet and talk with people or various races. We can learn about their customs and beliefs directly from them. In this way, wẹ have a better understanding of their ways of life. For example, in Singapore and Malaysia, which are known as multi-racial countries, Malays, Chinese, Indians and others have lived together for several decades. They have learnt a lot about the cultures of one another, more than what they could have learnt by reading books or newspapers. By living together, they have also absorbed many of the habits of one another to their common benefit.

Further, living in a multi-racial community teaches us how to respect the views and beliefs of people of other races. We learn to be tolerant and to understand and appreciate the peculiarities of those who are not of our race. In this way, we learn to live in peace and harmony with foreigners whose ways of life are different from ours in several respects. We become less suspicious of strangers and foreigners.

The relationship that develops among the people from common understanding in a multi-racial community makes life in such a community very exciting. Any celebration of any race becomes a celebration of all the other races. Thus, there is a lot of fun and excitement during every celebration. In this way, better understanding is promoted among the peoples of the world. Through each of the races of the people in a multi-racial community, we come to know about their respective countries. For example, through the Chinese and the Indians in Malaysia or Singapore we have come to know much about China and India. As a result, we have a better understanding of the peoples of China and India as a whole.

It could therefore be said that life in a multi-racial community teaches us many useful lessons in human relations.

Bài dịch

Sống trong một cộng đồng đa chủng tộc Sống trong một cộng đồng mà các cư dân thuộc nhiều chủng tộc khác nhau có.thê là một trải nghiệm thú vị và bổ ích. Một cộng đồng như thế cũng giống như một thế giới thu nhỏ gồm nhiều sắc tộc và kiểu tính cách.

Tất cả mọt người, dù già hay trẻ, đều thích nghe chuyện kể về những người dân xứ khác. Chúng ta đọc sách, báo để biết về những thói quen phong tục và tín ngưỡng của các dân tộc khác, nhưng khi chúng ta sống trong một cộng đồng đa sắc tộc, chúng ta có cơ hội gặp gỡ và trò chuyện với người dân.thuộc nhiều chủng tộc khác nhau. Chúng ta có thể trực tiếp học hói về những phong tục và tín ngưỡng của họ. Băng cách này, chúng ta có thể hiểu nhiều hơn về lối sống của họ. Chẳng hạn như tại Singapore và Malaysia, những nước được xem là đa Sắc tộc, người Mã Lai, Trung Quốc, Ấn Độ và các sắc dân khác đã chung sống với nhau qua vài thập kỷ. Họ đã học hỏi rất nhiều về văn hóa của nhau mà việc đọc sách báo không .thể sánh bằng. Qua việc chung sống với nhau, họ cũng đã tiếp thu nhiều tập quán của nhau đế mang lại lợi ích chung cho cộng đồng.

Thêm vào đó, cuộc sống trong một cộng đồng đa sắc tộc dạy cho ta biết tôn trọng quan điểm và tín ngưỡng của dân tộc khác. Chúng ta biết khoan dung, hiểu biết và đánh giá cao nét đặc thù của những người không thuộc chủng tộc mình. Bằng cách này, chúng ta học chung sống trong hòa bình và hòa thuận với những người ngoại quốc mà lối sống của họ khác chúng ta trên vài phương diện. Chúng ta trở nên ít nghi ngại những người lạ và người nước ngoài.

Mối quan hệ nảy sinh giữa các dân tộc từ sự hiểu biết chung trong một cộng đồng đa sắc tộc làm cho cuộc sống trong cộng đồng như thế trở nên hết sức thú vị. Bất kỳ lễ ký niệm của một dân tộc nào cũng trở thành lễ ký niệm của tất cả các dân tộc khác. Nhờ vậy có rất nhiều niềm vui thích và thú vị trong mỗi một dịp lễ hội. Bằng cách này, sự hiểu biết lẫn nhau giữa các dân tộc trên thế giới được đẩy mạnh. Thông qua mỗi một dân tộc trong cộng đồng đa chủng tộc, chúng ta dần dần hiểu biết về quốc gia mà họ là đại diện. Chẳng hạn, thông qua người Trung Quốc và Ấn Độ ở Malaysia hay Singapo. chúng ta biết nhiều về Trung Hoa và Ấn Độ. Vì vậy chúng ta hiểu nhiều hơn về tổng thể dân tộc và đất nước Trung Hoa và Ấn Độ.

Vì thế có thể nói rằng cuộc sống ở một cộng đồng đa chủng tộc dạy cho ta nhiều bài học hữu ích về mối quan hệ của con người.

New words:

1. race (n): chủng tộc, giống người

2. belief (n): tín ngưỡng

3. composed (adj): gồm có, bao gồm

4. multi-racial (adj): đa chủng tộc, nhiều chủng tộc

5. decade (n): thời kỳ mười năm, thập kỷ

6. absorb (v): hấp thu

7. peculiarity (n): tính chất riêng, nét riêng biệt, nét đặc biệt

8. in peace and harmony with: trong hòa bình và hoà thuận

9. promote (v): nâng cao, xúc tiến, đẩy mạnh

10. as a whole: nói chung, toàn bộ

Câu trả lời:

~Life in the city~

Bài mẫu

Life in the city is full of activity. Early in the morning hundreds of people rush out of their homes in the manner ants do when their nest is broken. Soon the streets are full of traffic. Shops and offices open, students flock to their schools and the day's work begins. The city now throb with activity, and it is full of noise. Hundreds of sight-seers, tourists and others visit many places of interest in the city while businessmen from various parts of the world arrive to transact business.

Then towards evening, the offices and day schools begin to close. Many of the shops too close. There is now a rush for buses and other means of transport. Everyone seems to be in a hurry to reach home. As a result of this rush, many accidents occur. One who has not been to the city before finds it hard to move about at this time. Soon, however, there is almost no activity in several parts of the city. These parts are usually the business centres. With the coming of night, another kind of actịvity begins. The streets are now full of colorful lights. The air is cooler and life becomes more leisurely. People now seek entertainment. Many visit the cinemas, parks and clubs, while others remain indoors to watch television or listen to the radio. Some visit friends and relatives and some spend their time reading books and magazines. Those who are interested in politics discuss the latest political developments. At the same time, hundreds of crimes are committed. Thieves and robbers who wait for the coming of night become active, and misfortune descends upon many. For the greed of a few, many are killed, and some live in constant fear. To bring criminals to justice, the officers of the law are always on the move.

Workers and others who seek advancement in their careers attend educational institutions which are open till late in the night. Hundreds of them sit for various examinations every year. The facilities and opportunities that the people in the city have to further their studies and increase their knowledge of human affairs are indeed many. As a result, the people of the city are usually better informed than those of the village, where even a newspaper is sometimes difficult to get.

The city could, therefore, be described as a place of ceaseless activity. Here, the drama of life is enacted every day.

Bài dịch

Cuộc sống ở thành thị cuộc sống ở thành thị rất nhộn nhịp. Từ tờ mờ sáng hàng trăm người ùa ra khỏi nhà như đàn kiến vỡ tổ. Chẳng bao lâu sau đường phố đôngnghẹt xe cộ. Các cửa hàng và văn phòng mở cửa. Học sinh hối hả cắp sách đến trường và một ngày làm việc bắt đầu. Giờ đây thành phố hoạt đông nhộn nhịp và đầy ắp tiếng huyên náo. Hàng trăm người ngoạn cảnh, du khách và nhiều người khác viếng thăm những thắng cảnh của thành phố trong khi các doanh nhân từ nhiều nơi trên thế giới đến trao đổi công việc làm ăn.

Trời về chiều, những văn phòng và trường học bắt đầu đóng cửa. Nhiều của hàng cũng đông cửa. Lúc này diễn ra một cuộc đổ xô đón xe buýt và các phương tiện vận chuyên khác. Dường như mọi người đều vội vã về nhà. Kết quá của sự.vội vã này là nhiều tai nạn xảy ra. Những ai chưa từng đến thành phố cảm thấy khó mà đi lại vào giờ này. Tuy vậỵ không bao lâu sau một số khu vực của thành phố như ngừng hoạt động. Những nơi này thường là các trung tâm kinh doanh. Đêm xuống, một hình thức hoạt động khác lại bắt đầu. Đường phố tràn ngập ánh đèn màu. Bầu không khí dịu xuống và cuộc sống trở nên thư thả hơn. Giờ đây người tìm đến những thú vui giải trí. Nhiều người đến rạp chiếu bóng, công viên và câu lạc bộ, trong khi những người khác ở nhà xem ti vi và nghe đài phát thanh. Có người đi thăm bạn bè và bà con. Có người dành thì giờ đọc sách và tạp chí. Những người quan tâm đến chính trị bàn luận về những sự kiện chính trị nóng hổi. Cũng trong thời gian này, hàng trăm vụ trộm cướp diễn ra. Trộm cướp chờ đêm xuống để hoạt động, và vận rủi ập xuống nhiều ngưòi. Chỉ vì lòng tham của một sô ít người mà nhiều người sẽ bị giết, và nhiều người khác phải sống trong cảnh sợ hãi triền miên. Để đưa tội phạm ra trước công lý, các viên chức luật pháp luôn luôn sẵn sàng hành động.

Người lao động và những ngưòi muốn tiến triển trên con đường công danh sự nghiệp của mình thì tham gia các lóp học ban đêm. Mỗi năm có hàng trăm người trong số họ tham dự vào nhiều kỳ thi khác nhau. Các phương tiện và cơ hội dành cho người dân thành thị để mở rộng học hỏi và gia tăng kiến thức nhân sinh thực sự rất phong phú. Do đó người dân ở thành phố luôn nắm bắt thông tin nhanh hợn người dân vùng nông thôn, nơi mà có khi ngay đến một tờ báo cũng khó kiếm.

Tóm lại thành thị có thể nói là nơi của những hoạt động không ngừng nghỉ. Chính tại đây vở kịch cuộc đời tái diễn mỗi ngày.

New words:

1. flock (v): lũ lượt kéo đến, tụ tập, quây quanh

2 . throb (v): rộn ràng, nói rộn lên, rung động

3. sight-seer (n): người đi tham quan

4. transact (v): thực hiện, tiến hành; giải quyết

5. means of transport: phương tiện vận chuyển

6. commit (v): phạm phải

7. misfortune (n): rủi ro, sự bất hạnh, điều không may

8. descend upon (v): ập xuống bất ngờ, đến bất ngờ

9. greed (n): tính tham lam

10. to bring S.O to justice: đem ai ra tòa, truy tố ai trước tòa

11. on the move: di chuyển

12. facility (n): điều kiện thuận lợi, phương tiện dễ dàng

Câu trả lời:

So, the first thing that comes to mind when we talk about traffic laws, is that hunk of metal & whatever that is careening down the road with you or me at the wheel is every bit as dangerous as a hand gun or an M16 or whatever.

We don’t treat it like that, do we.

Uhhhmmm…. I come to a full stop at stop signs and red lights, (even if I’m turning right, and I don’t actually SEE a cop car, because a ticket costs me both court costs, and a hike on my insurance). Haven’t got one of those in years.

I think I’ve been “at partial fault” for one accident, that was a result of my car having a mechanical failure on the interstate, (snapped something in the suspension or something, I only deal with the gas tank, regular service and necessary operational activities of driving), (causing it to spin on a dry road, and some idiot trying to maneuver around my disabled vehicle at high speed).

Haven’t bought a used car since. That option isn’t available to everyone.

I try to stay not much over the speed limit for more reasons than that. Keeping the speed a tad lower than 75 (okay, 60), saves on gas, but you weren’t asking that.

I never pass when the lines on the road forbid it, because those lines are there for a reason. They tell me, as the terrain does, that I wouldn’t see the oncoming car on that two-laner on the back road, till it was too late.

Those lines are there because some folk just can’t see curves and hills, I guess.

At a four way stop, I always let the one turning right turn right before I turn left. No need for the aggravation, when right of way is, actually, right of way.

I’m not stupid enough to think every driver gets these rules, so I’ve given myself a couple extra minutes to account for … um… other drivers. I’m getting there, if I’m late, it wasn’t because of the other driver unless his car got involved with her car, and I have to wait for the EMS to deal with the whole thing, because somebody else wasn’t following the traffic rules, and the results had to be dealt with.

I could go on. The traffic laws are there because there is a significant portion of the human population who drive who are too stupid to think about what’s over the friggin hill.

Don’t get me started on why we shouldn’t use our cell phones, other devices, while we drive. I won’t stop my passenger from speaking, but I had to make a rule with my daughter, when she was a teen, that if she asked me for something while I was driving, the answer was, eternally, NO.

I have more rules in my book than the law does, because I do actually understand how lethal the damn thing I’m driving is.

Personally, it is my observation that our driver’s license test is too slack, as are our rules, it takes far more to get a license in the UK or Germany than it does here, with good reason.

If you have to ask why we obey the flippin simple laws we have for driving here, you probably should move somewhere you don’t have to do that.

We need more public transportation.