Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlinedpart in each of the following questions.
A two-thirds majority in Congress is required if a bill is to become law.

A. desirable

B.necessary

C.acquired

D.optional

-Nước ta có 3 nhóm đất chính

-đặc tính :

+ nhóm đất feralit: chứa ít mùn, chúa, nhiều set, có màu đồ vàng do nhiều hợp chất sắt và nhôm. thích hợp trong các loại cây công nghiệp.

+nhóm đất mùn núi cao: xốp nhiều mùn, màu xám hoặc đen. trồng rừng.

+ nhóm đất bồi tụ phù xa: tôi, xốp, ít chua , giàu mùn. để canh tác, độ phì nhiêu cao. phù xa sông, phù xa biển. thích hợp trong nhiều loại cây trồng , đồng bằng là cây lúa.

- vì có đất bồi tụ phù xa.

1 Giai đoạn Tân kiến tạo

2 -đồi núi là bộ phận quan trọng nhất của cấu trúc địa hình

+ đồi núi chiếm 3/4 diện tích lãnh thổ nước ta

+địa hình đồi núi thấp <1000m chiếm 85% điểm tích lãnh thổ

+đồi núi cao > 2000m chiếm 1% diện tích lãnh thổ

+ địa hình ĐB chỉ chiếm 1/4 lãnh thổ

- địa hình nước ta được tân kiến tạo nâng lên và tạo thành nhiều loại bậc kế tiếp nhau

-địa nhỉnh nước ta mang tih chất nhiệt đới gió mùa và chịu tác động mạnh mẽ của con người

Bắc Bộ là Sông Hồng, s Lô, s Chảy, s Lục Nam,

Trung Bộ là sông Đà , s Cả , s Mã, s Chu ,

Nam Bộ là sông Cữu Long , s Đồng Nai,

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to the following questions.

In the American colonies there was little money. England did not supply the colonies with coins and did not allow the colonies to make their own coins, except for the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which received permission for a short period in 1652 to make several kinds of silver coins. England wanted to keep money out of America as a means of controlling trade: America was forced to trade only with England if it did not have the money to buy products from other countries. The result during this pre-revolutionary period was that the colonists used various goods in place of money: beaver pelts, Indian wampum, and tobacco leaves were all commonly used substitutes for money. The colonists also made use of any foreign coins they could obtain. Dutch, Spanish, French, and English coins were all in use in the American colonies.

During the Revolutionary War, funds were needed to finance the world, so each of the individual states and the Continental Congress issued paper money. So much of this paper money was printed that by the end of the war, almost no one would accept it. As a result, trade in goods and the use of foreign coins still flourished during this period.

By the time the Revolutionary War had been won by the American colonists, the monetary system was in a state of total disarray. To remedy this situation, the new Constitution of the United States, approved in 1789, allowed Congress to issue money. The individual States could no longer have their own money supply. A few years later, the Coinage Act of 1792 made the dollar the official currency of the United States and put the country on a bimetallic standard. In this bimetallic system, both gold and silver were legal money, and the rate of exchange of silver to gold was fixed by the government at sixteen to one

The word “remedy” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

A. resolve

B. medicate

C. renew

D. understand

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 32to 38.

         In  the  20 th century,  magazines  have  been  a  major  growth  area  of  popular  publishing.  Specialist  magazines  cater  to  every  imaginable  field  and  activity.  In  the  United  Kingdom,  over  12,000 periodicals,  magazines,  bulletins,  annuals,  trade  journals,  and  academic  journals  are  published  on  a regular basis. There are some 40 women‘s magazines and over 60 dealing with particular sports games, hobbies,  and  pastimes.  Although  some  US  magazines,  such  as  The  Saturday  Evening  Post,  has succumbed  to the  circulations, The Reader‘s Digest over 16 million, the National Geographic over 10 million. For many people, magazines have been the most available and widely used form of continuing education, providing information about history, geography, literature, science, and the arts, and as well as guidance on gardening, cooking, home decorating, financial management, psychology, even marriage and family life.
            Until the rise of television, magazines were the most available form of cheap, convenient entertainment in the English-speaking world. Radio served a similar function, but it was more limited in what it  could do. Magazines and television, however, both address the more powerful visual sense. During the third quarter of the 20 thcentury, coincident with a dramatic rise in the popularity of television, many generalinterest, especially illustrated magazines went out of business. The shift in attention of a mass audience from reading such magazines to watching television has been a major factor in this decline, but it is an implicit  tribute  to  the  older  genre  that  its  programs  are  generally  organized  i n  a  single  format  and content.

The word  “it”  in paragraph 2 refers to …………..

A. television   

B. publishing    

C. entertainment    

D. radio