Lời giải:

a)
$x(a-b)-x(a+b)=xa-xb-xa-xb=-2xb$

b)

$(a^2-ax+by)-(by-a^2-ax)=a^2-ax+by-by+a^2+ax=2a^2$

c)

$(a-b)(a+b)-(b-a)b=a^2-b^2-(b^2-ab)=a^2-b^2-b^2+ab=a^2-2b^2+ab$

\(a,x\left(a-b\right)-x\left(a+b\right)\)

\(=ax-bx-ax-bx=-2bx\)

\(b,\left(a^2-ax+by\right)-\left(by-a^2-ax\right)\)

\(=a^2-ax+by-by+a^2+ax=2a^2\)

\(c,\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-\left(b-a\right).b\)

\(=a^2-b^2-b^2+ab\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)^2-b^2=\left(a-b-b\right)\left(a-b+b\right)\)

\(=\left(a-2b\right).a\)

Giải:

\(\left(a^2-ax+by\right)-\left(by-a^2-ax\right)\)

\(=a^2-ax+by-by+a^2+ax\)

\(=\left(a^2+a^2\right)+\left(-ax+ax\right)+\left(by-by\right)\)

\(=2a^2+0+0=2a^2\)

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\(=\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^2}.\dfrac{a\left(x-y\right)+b\left(x-y\right)}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^2}.\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(a+b\right)}{2\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)

\(=\dfrac{a+b-c}{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2}.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2+c\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a+b-c}{\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{a-b}\)

\(c,\dfrac{x^3+1}{x^2+2x+1}.\dfrac{x^2-1}{2x^2-2x+2}\)

\(a.a\left(b+c\right)+3b+3c=a\left(b+c\right)+3\left(b+c\right)=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+3\right)\)

\(b.a\left(c-d\right)+c-d=\left(c-d\right)\left(a+1\right)\)

\(c.b\left(a-c\right)+5a-5c=b\left(a-c\right)+5\left(a-c\right)=\left(a-c\right)\left(b+5\right)\)

\(d.a\left(m-n\right)+m-n=\left(m-n\right)\left(a+1\right)\)

\(e.mx+my+5x+5y=m\left(x+y\right)+5\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(m+5\right)\)

\(f.ma+mb-a-b=m\left(a+b\right)-\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(m-1\right)\)

\(g.4x+by+4y+bx=4x+bx+by+4y=x\left(b+4\right)+y\left(b+4\right)=\left(b+4\right)\left(x+y\right)\)

\(h.1-ax-x+a=\left(a+1\right)-x\left(a+1\right)=\left(a+1\right)\left(1-x\right)\)

\(k.x^{m+2}-x^m=x^m\left(x^2-1\right)=x^m\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)

\(m.\left(a-b\right)^2-\left(b-a\right)\left(a+b\right)=\left(b-a\right)^2-\left(b-a\right)\left(a+b\right)=\left(b-a\right)\left(b-a-a-b\right)=-2a\left(b-a\right)\)

\(n.a\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)=a\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab-a+b\right)\)

a) \(M=ax+bx+ay+by=x\cdot\left(a+b\right)+y\cdot\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)\cdot\left(x+y\right)=2\cdot17=34.\)

b) \(N=ax-by+bx-ay=a\left(x-y\right)+b\left(x-y\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(x-y\right)=7\cdot1=7\)

Ta có: \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+2axby\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2-2axby+b^2x^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ay=bx\)

hay \(\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\)

Ta có : \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2=a^2x^2+2abxy+b^2y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2-2abxy+b^2x^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ay-bx=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ay=bx\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{x}{y}\)