@Nguyễn Việt Lâm

@Lê Thị Thục Hiền

@Phạm Minh Quang

\(P=\sum\frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2}}{4yz+1}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sum\frac{x+y}{\left(y+z\right)^2+1}\)

Đặt \(\left(x+y;y+z;z+x\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow a+b+c=3\)

\(P=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sum\frac{a}{b^2+1}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sum\left(a-\frac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\right)\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sum\left(a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}\right)\)

\(P\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a+b+c-\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right)\)

\(P\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a+b+c-\frac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\right)=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)

\(P_{min}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\) khi \(a=b=c=1\) hay \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 3 bộ số không âm

\(\Rightarrow\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{xyz\left(xy+1\right)^2\left(yz+1\right)^2\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2y^2z^2\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)\left(xy+1\right)}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)

Xét \(3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)

\(=3\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{xy+1}{x}\right)\left(\frac{yz+1}{y}\right)\left(\frac{xz+1}{z}\right)}\)

\(=3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si

\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}y+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}}\\z+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{z}{y}}\\x+\frac{1}{z}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge8\)

\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{8}\)

\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\left(y+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(z+\frac{1}{y}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\ge6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\ge6\)

Mà \(\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(xz+1\right)}{xyz}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}\ge6\)

Vậy GTNN của \(\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}+\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}=6\)

Dễ dàng chứng minh được:

\(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\) với \(a,b,c>0\)(1)

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)

Theo đề bài, vì x, y, z > 0 nên áp dụng (1), ta có:

\(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{zx}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\)\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}\)(2)

Vì x y, z > 0 nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương, ta được:

\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\)(3)

Chứng mih tương tự, ta được;

\(y+z\ge2\sqrt{yz}\)(4);

\(z+x\ge2\sqrt{zx}\)(5)

Từ (3), (4), (5), ta được:

\(2\left(x+y+z\right)\ge2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+y+z\right)\ge x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}\ge\)\(\frac{1}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)

Mà theo đề bài, \(x+y+z\ge3\) nên:

\(\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

Suy ra \(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(6\right)\)

Từ (2) và (6), ta được:

\(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{zx}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)(điều phải chứng minh)

Dấu bằng xảy ra

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z\\x+y+z=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1}\)

Vậy nếu x, y, z > 0 và \(x+y+z\ge3\)thì \(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{zx}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{4}}=x\)

Tượng tự ta có : \(\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{y+\sqrt{xz}}{4}\ge y\)

\(\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{z+\sqrt{xy}}{4}\ge z\)

Cộng vế với vế của BĐT ta được : 

\(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{xz}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{4}+\frac{y+\sqrt{xz}}{4}+\frac{z+\sqrt{xy}}{4}\ge x+y+z\)

\(VT\ge x+y+z-\frac{x+y+z+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}}{4}\)

mà \(\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\le x+y+z\)

\(VT\ge\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)-2\left(x+y+z\right)}{4}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{4}\)

mà \(x+y+z\ge3\)hay \(VT\ge=\frac{6}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu ''='' xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 1

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\geq \frac{9}{xy+yz+xz}(1)\)

\(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+xz}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+xz}\geq \frac{9}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2(xy+yz+xz)}=\frac{9}{(x+y+z)^2}=9(2)\)

Áp dụng hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(3(xy+yz+xz)\leq (x+y+z)^2=1\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz\leq \frac{1}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{7}{xy+yz+xz}\geq 21(3)\)

Từ \((1);(2);(3)\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\geq \frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{9}{xy+yz+xz}\geq 9+21=30\)Vậy $P_{\min}=30$. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
​

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\geq \frac{9}{xy+yz+xz}(1)\)

\(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+xz}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+xz}\geq \frac{9}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2(xy+yz+xz)}=\frac{9}{(x+y+z)^2}=9(2)\)

Áp dụng hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(3(xy+yz+xz)\leq (x+y+z)^2=1\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz\leq \frac{1}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{7}{xy+yz+xz}\geq 21(3)\)

Từ \((1);(2);(3)\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\geq \frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{9}{xy+yz+xz}\geq 9+21=30\)Vậy $P_{\min}=30$. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$

\(\frac{x^2}{y+1}+\frac{y+1}{4}\ge x;\frac{y^2}{z+1}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge y;\frac{z^2}{x+1}+\frac{x+1}{4}\ge z\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}.2=\frac{3}{2}\)