\(3x+y=1\Rightarrow y=1-3x\) (1)

a ) Thay (1) vào M ta được :

\(M=3x^2+\left(1-3x\right)^2=3x^2+9x^2-6x+1=12x^2-6x+1\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{12}x\right)^2-2\sqrt{12}x.\frac{3}{\sqrt{12}}+\frac{9}{12}+\frac{1}{4}=\left(\sqrt{12}x-\frac{3}{\sqrt{12}}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{4}\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{4}\)

Vậy \(M_{min}=\frac{1}{4}\) tại \(x=y=\frac{1}{4}\)

b ) Thay (1) vào N ta được :

\(N=x\left(1-3x\right)=x-3x^2=-\left(\sqrt{3}x\right)^2+2.\sqrt{3}x.\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{12}\)

\(=-\left(\sqrt{3}x-2.\sqrt{3}x.\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{12}\right)+\frac{1}{12}=-\left(\sqrt{3}x-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\right)^2+\frac{1}{12}\le\frac{1}{12}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{6}\\y=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)

Vậy \(N_{max}=\frac{1}{12}\) tại \(x=\frac{1}{6};y=\frac{1}{2}\)

Bài 2: 

a: Ta có: \(x^2+4x+7\)

\(=x^2+4x+4+3\)

\(=\left(x+2\right)^2+3\ge3\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-2

\(1=x+y+3xy\le x+y+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(x+y\right)^2+4\left(x+y\right)-4\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(x+y+2\right)\left(x+y-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Đồng thời: \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2=\dfrac{2}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le-\dfrac{2}{9}\)

Từ đó ta có:

\(A=\sqrt{1-x^2}+\sqrt{1-y^2}+\dfrac{1-\left(x+y\right)}{x+y}=\sqrt{1-x^2}+\sqrt{1-y^2}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}-1\)

\(A\le\sqrt{2\left[2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\right]}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}-1\le\sqrt{2\left(2-\dfrac{2}{9}\right)}+\dfrac{3}{2}-1=\dfrac{3+8\sqrt{2}}{6}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Ta có \(x+y\le\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)(bđt Bunhiacopski)

Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có

\(P\le\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}+3.\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)\(=\frac{1}{2}+3\sqrt{2}=\frac{1+6\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

Vậy............

\(xy\le\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=xy+\dfrac{1}{xy}=xy+\dfrac{1}{16xy}+\dfrac{15}{16xy}\ge2\sqrt{xy.\dfrac{1}{16xy}}+\dfrac{15}{16.\dfrac{1}{4}}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{15}{4}=\dfrac{17}{4}\)

\(min_P=\dfrac{17}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

sorry pạn ( nãy mik làm sai )

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x;y;z\ge0\\x+y+z=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow0\le x;y;z\le1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2\le x\\y^2\le y\\z^2\le z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x^2+x+1\le x^2+2x+1\\2y^2+y+1\le y^2+2y+1\\2z^2+z+1\le z^2+2z+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(y+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(z+1\right)^2}=x+y+z+3=4\)

\(P_{max}=4\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị