a) Áp dụng định lí cosin, ta có:

 \(\begin{array}{l}{a^2} = {b^2} + {c^2} - 2bc.\cos A\\ \Leftrightarrow {a^2} = {8^2} + {5^2} - 2.8.5.\cos {120^ \circ } = 129\\ \Rightarrow a = \sqrt {129} \end{array}\)

Áp dụng định lí sin, ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{a}{{\sin A}} = \frac{b}{{\sin B}} = \frac{c}{{\sin C}} \Rightarrow \frac{{\sqrt {129} }}{{\sin {{120}^ \circ }}} = \frac{8}{{\sin B}} = \frac{5}{{\sin C}}\\ \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\sin B = \frac{{8.\sin {{120}^ \circ }}}{{\sqrt {129} }} \approx 0,61\\\sin C = \frac{{5.\sin {{120}^ \circ }}}{{\sqrt {129} }} \approx 0,38\end{array} \right. \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\widehat B \approx 37,{59^ \circ }\\\widehat C \approx 22,{41^ \circ }\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

b) Diện tích tam giác ABC là: \(S = \frac{1}{2}bc.\sin A = \frac{1}{2}.8.5.\sin {120^ \circ } = 10\sqrt 3 \)

c) 

+) Theo định lí sin, ta có: \(R = \frac{a}{{2\sin A}} = \frac{{\sqrt {129} }}{{2\sin {{120}^ \circ }}} = \sqrt {43} \)

+) Đường cao AH của tam giác bằng: \(AH = \frac{{2S}}{a} = \frac{{2.10\sqrt 3 }}{{\sqrt {129} }} = \frac{{20\sqrt {43} }}{{43}}\)

Tham khảo:

Áp dụng định lí sin cho tam giác ABC ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{{\sin A}} = \dfrac{b}{{\sin B}} = \dfrac{c}{{\sin C}} = 2R\)

\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow \sin C = \frac{{c.\sin B}}{b} = \frac{{5.\sin {{80}^o}}}{8} \approx 0,6155\\ \Leftrightarrow \widehat C \approx {38^o}\end{array}\)

Lại có: \(\widehat A = {180^o} - \widehat B - \widehat C = {180^o} - {80^o} - {38^o} = {62^o}\)

Theo định lí sin, ta suy ra \(a = \sin A.\dfrac{b}{{\sin B}} = \sin {62^o}\dfrac{8}{{\sin {{80}^o}}} \approx 7,17\)

Và \(2R = \dfrac{b}{{\sin B}} \Rightarrow R = \dfrac{b}{{2\sin B}} = \dfrac{8}{{2\sin {{80}^o}}} \approx 4,062.\)

Vậy tam giác ABC có \(\widehat A = {62^o}\); \(\widehat C \approx {38^o}\); \(a \approx 7,17\) và \(R \approx 4,062.\)

Ta có: \(\widehat B = {65^o},\widehat C = {85^o}.\)

\( \Rightarrow \widehat A = {180^o} - \left( {{{65}^o} + {{85}^o}} \right) = {30^o}.\)

Áp dụng định lí sin trong tam giác ABC, ta có:

\(\frac{{BC}}{{\sin A}} = 2R \Rightarrow BC = 2R.\sin A\)

Mà \(\widehat A = {30^o},R = 6.\)

\( \Rightarrow BC = 2.6.\sin {30^o} = 6.\)

Vậy BC = 6.

Bài 2:

Xét \(\Delta ABC\)có \(\widehat{A}=90^o\)và\(AH\perp BC\)

\(\Rightarrow AH^2=HB.HC\)(Hệ thức lượng)

\(AH^2=25.64\)

\(AH=\sqrt{1600}=40cm\)

Xét \(\Delta ABH\)có\(\widehat{H}=90^o\)

\(\Rightarrow\tan B=\frac{AH}{BH}\)\(=\frac{40}{25}=\frac{8}{5}\)

\(\Rightarrow\widehat{B}\approx58^o\)

Xét \(\Delta ABC\)có \(\widehat{A}=90^o\)

\(\Rightarrow\widehat{B}+\widehat{C}=90^o\)

\(58^o+\widehat{C}=90^o\)

\(\Rightarrow\widehat{C}\approx90^o-58^o\)

\(\widehat{C}\approx32^o\)

\(A=180-\left(B+C\right)=40^0\)

\(b=\dfrac{a}{sinA}.sinB\approx212.3\left(cm\right)\)

\(c=\dfrac{a}{sinA}.sinC=179,4\left(cm\right)\)

\(R=\dfrac{a}{2sinA}=107\left(cm\right)\)

\(S=\dfrac{abc}{4R}=12235,8\left(cm^2\right)\)

Tham khảo:

Đặt \(AB = c,AC = b,BC = a.\)

Ta có: \(a = 152;\widehat A = {180^o} - ({79^o} + {61^o}) = {40^o}\)

Áp dụng định lí sin, ta có:

\(\frac{a}{{\sin A}} = \frac{b}{{\sin B}} = \frac{c}{{\sin C}} = 2R\)

Suy ra:

\(\begin{array}{l}AC = b = \frac{{a.\sin B}}{{\sin A}} = \frac{{152.\sin {{79}^o}}}{{\sin {{40}^o}}} \approx 232,13\\AB = c = \frac{{a.\sin C}}{{\sin A}} = \frac{{152.\sin {{61}^o}}}{{\sin {{40}^o}}} \approx 206,82\\R = \frac{a}{{2\sin A}} = \frac{{152}}{{2\sin {{40}^o}}} \approx 118,235\end{array}\)