\(\begin{array}{l}a)\frac{{{3^{12}} + {3^{15}}}}{{1 + {3^3}}}\\ = \frac{{{3^{12}} + {3^{12}}{{.3}^3}}}{{1 + {3^3}}}\\ = \frac{{{3^{12}}.(1 + {3^3})}}{{1 + {3^3}}}\\ = {3^{12}}\\b)2:{\left( {\frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{3}} \right)^2} + 0,{125^3}{.8^3} - {( - 12)^4}:{6^4}\\ = 2:{\left( {\frac{3}{6} - \frac{4}{6}} \right)^2} + {(0,125.8)^3} - {12^4}:{6^4}\\ = 2:{\left( {\frac{{ - 1}}{6}} \right)^2} + {1^3} - {(\frac{{12}}{6})^4}\\ = 2:\frac{1}{{36}} + 1 - {2^4}\\ = 2.36 + 1 - 16\\ = 72 + 1 - 16=57\end{array}\)

a) Cách 1:

\(\begin{array}{l}(8 + 2\frac{1}{3} - \frac{3}{5}) - (5 + 0,4) - (3\frac{1}{3} - 2)\\ = (8 + \frac{7}{3} - \frac{3}{5}) - (5 + \frac{4}{{10}}) - (\frac{{10}}{3} - 2)\\ = 8 + \frac{7}{3} - \frac{3}{5} - 5 - \frac{2}{5} - \frac{{10}}{3} + 2\\ = (8 - 5 + 2) + (\frac{7}{3} - \frac{{10}}{3}) - (\frac{3}{5} + \frac{2}{5})\\ = 5 + \frac{{ - 3}}{3} - \frac{5}{5}\\ = 5 + ( - 1) - 1\\ = 3\end{array}\)

Cách 2:

\(\begin{array}{l}(8 + 2\frac{1}{3} - \frac{3}{5}) - (5 + 0,4) - (3\frac{1}{3} - 2)\\ = (8 + \frac{7}{3} - \frac{3}{5}) - (5 + \frac{4}{{10}}) - (\frac{{10}}{3} - 2)\\ = (\frac{{120}}{{15}} + \frac{{35}}{{15}} - \frac{9}{{15}}) - (\frac{{25}}{5} + \frac{2}{5}) - (\frac{{10}}{3} - \frac{6}{3})\\ = \frac{{146}}{{15}} - \frac{{27}}{5} - \frac{4}{3}\\ = \frac{{146}}{{15}} - \frac{{81}}{{15}} - \frac{{20}}{{15}}\\ = \frac{{45}}{{15}}\\ = 3\end{array}\)

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}(7 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{3}{4}):(5 - \frac{1}{4} - \frac{5}{8})\\ = (\frac{{28}}{4} - \frac{2}{4} - \frac{3}{4}):(\frac{{40}}{8} - \frac{2}{8} - \frac{5}{8})\\ = \frac{{23}}{4}:\frac{{33}}{8}\\ = \frac{{23}}{4}.\frac{8}{{33}}\\ = \frac{{46}}{{33}}\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}a)\frac{{17}}{{11}} - \left( {\frac{6}{5} - \frac{{16}}{{11}}} \right) + \frac{{26}}{5}\\ = \frac{{17}}{{11}} - \frac{6}{5} + \frac{{16}}{{11}} + \frac{{26}}{5}\\ = (\frac{{17}}{{11}} + \frac{{16}}{{11}}) + (\frac{{26}}{5} - \frac{6}{5})\\ = \frac{{33}}{{11}} + \frac{{20}}{5}\\ = 3 + 4\\ = 7\\b)\frac{{39}}{5} + \left( {\frac{9}{4} - \frac{9}{5}} \right) - \left( {\frac{5}{4} + \frac{6}{7}} \right)\\ = \frac{{39}}{5} + \frac{9}{4} - \frac{9}{5} - \frac{5}{4} - \frac{6}{7}\\ = (\frac{{39}}{5} - \frac{9}{5}) + (\frac{9}{4} - \frac{5}{4}) - \frac{6}{7}\\ = \frac{{30}}{5} + \frac{4}{4} - \frac{6}{7}\\ = 6 + 1 - \frac{6}{7}\\ = 7 - \frac{6}{7}\\ = \frac{{49}}{7} - \frac{6}{7}\\ = \frac{{43}}{7}\end{array}\)

\(P=\left(\dfrac{-1}{2}-\dfrac{3}{5}\right):\left(-3\right)+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{6}:2\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3}{5}\right):3+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{12}\)

\(=\dfrac{11}{10}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{11}{30}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{22}{60}+\dfrac{15}{60}=\dfrac{37}{60}\)

\(Q=\left(\dfrac{2}{25}-\dfrac{126}{125}\right)\cdot\dfrac{7}{4}:\left[\dfrac{-119}{36}\cdot\dfrac{36}{17}\right]\)

\(=\dfrac{-116}{125}\cdot\dfrac{7}{4}:\left(-7\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{116}{125}\cdot\dfrac{7}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{7}=\dfrac{29}{125}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}a)A = (2 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{8}):(1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{3}{4})\\ = (\frac{{16}}{8} - \frac{4}{8} - \frac{1}{8}):(\frac{4}{4} - \frac{6}{4} - \frac{3}{4})\\ = \frac{{11}}{8}:\frac{{ - 5}}{4}\\ = \frac{{11}}{8}.\frac{4}{{ - 5}}\\ = \frac{{ - 11}}{{10}}\\b)B = 5 - \frac{{1 + \frac{1}{3}}}{{1 - \frac{1}{3}}}\\ = 5 - \frac{{\frac{3}{3} + \frac{1}{3}}}{{\frac{3}{3} - \frac{1}{3}}}\\ = 5 - \frac{{\frac{4}{3}}}{{\frac{2}{3}}}\\ = 5 - \frac{4}{3}:\frac{2}{3}\\ = 5 - \frac{4}{3}.\frac{3}{2}\\ = 5 - 2\\ = 3\end{array}\)

Chú ý:

Khi thực hiện phép cộng hai phân số, nếu phân số thu được chưa tối giản thì ta rút gọn thành phân số tối giản.

\(P=\left(-0,5-\frac{3}{5}\right):\left(-3\right)+\frac{1}{3}-\left(-\frac{1}{6}\right):\left(-2\right)\)

\(P=\left(-1,1\right):\left(-3\right)+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{6}:\left(-2\right)\)

\(P=\frac{11}{30}+\frac{1}{3}+\left(-\frac{1}{12}\right)\)

\(P=\frac{37}{60}\)

\(Q=\left(\frac{2}{25}-1,008\right):\frac{4}{7}:\left[\left(3\frac{1}{4}-6\frac{5}{9}\right).2\frac{2}{17}\right]\)

\(Q=\left(-0,928\right):\frac{4}{7}:\left[\left(-\frac{119}{36}\right).2\frac{2}{17}\right]\)

\(Q=\left(-1,624\right):\left(-\frac{245}{36}\right)\)

\(Q=\frac{1044}{4375}\)

a) Cách 1:

 \(\begin{array}{l}\left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{{ - 5}} + \frac{{ - 5}}{{ - 6}}} \right) + \frac{4}{5} = \frac{2}{5} + \frac{5}{6} + \frac{4}{5}\\ = \frac{{12}}{{30}} + \frac{{25}}{{30}} + \frac{{24}}{{30}} = \frac{{61}}{{30}}\end{array}\)

Cách 2:

\(\begin{array}{l}\left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{{ - 5}} + \frac{{ - 5}}{{ - 6}}} \right) + \frac{4}{5} = \left( {\frac{2}{5} + \frac{4}{5}} \right) + \frac{5}{6}\\ = \frac{6}{5} + \frac{5}{6} = \frac{{36}}{{30}} + \frac{{25}}{{30}} = \frac{{61}}{{30}}\end{array}\)

b) Cách 1:

 \(\begin{array}{l}\frac{{ - 3}}{{ - 4}} + \left( {\frac{{11}}{{ - 15}} + \frac{{ - 1}}{2}} \right) = \frac{3}{4} + \frac{{ - 11}}{{15}} + \frac{{ - 1}}{2}\\ = \frac{{45}}{{60}} + \frac{{ - 44}}{{60}} + \frac{{ - 30}}{{60}}\\ = \frac{{ - 29}}{{60}}\end{array}\).

Cách 2:

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{{ - 3}}{{ - 4}} + \left( {\frac{{11}}{{ - 15}} + \frac{{ - 1}}{2}} \right) = \frac{3}{4} + \frac{{ - 11}}{{15}} + \frac{{ - 1}}{2}\\ = \left( {\frac{3}{4} + \frac{{ - 1}}{2}} \right) + \frac{{ - 11}}{{15}}\\ = \left( {\frac{3}{4} + \frac{{ - 2}}{4}} \right) + \frac{{ - 11}}{{15}}\\ = \frac{1}{4} + \frac{{ - 11}}{{15}}\\ = \frac{{15}}{{60}} + \frac{{ - 44}}{{60}}\\ = \frac{{ - 29}}{{60}}\end{array}\)

a) \(\left(-\frac{3}{4}\right)^2:\left(\frac{5}{4}\right)^2+14,7-1\frac{9}{25}\)

\(=\left[\left(-\frac{3}{4}\right):\frac{5}{4}\right]^2+\frac{147}{10}-\frac{34}{25}\)

\(=\left[\left(-\frac{3}{4}\right)\cdot\frac{4}{5}\right]^2+\frac{147}{10}-\frac{34}{25}\)

\(=\left(-\frac{3}{5}\right)^2+\frac{147}{10}-\frac{34}{25}=\frac{9}{25}+\frac{147}{10}-\frac{34}{25}=\left(\frac{9}{25}-\frac{34}{25}\right)+\frac{147}{10}=-1+\frac{147}{10}=\frac{137}{10}\)

b) \(\left(2\frac{1}{3}-1,5\right):\left(-6\frac{1}{6}+5\frac{1}{2}\right)+2,75\)

\(=\left(\frac{7}{3}-\frac{3}{2}\right):\left(-\frac{37}{6}+\frac{11}{2}\right)+\frac{11}{4}\)

\(=\frac{5}{6}:\left(-\frac{2}{3}\right)+\frac{11}{4}=\frac{5}{6}\cdot\left(-\frac{3}{2}\right)+\frac{11}{4}=-\frac{5}{4}+\frac{11}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\)

                                                                Bài giải

\(a,\text{ }\left(-\frac{3}{4}\right)^2\text{ : }\left(\frac{5}{4}\right)^2+14,7-1\frac{9}{25}\)

\(=\frac{9}{16}\text{ : }\frac{25}{16}+\frac{147}{10}-\frac{34}{25}\)

\(=\frac{18}{50}+\frac{735}{50}-\frac{68}{50}\)

\(=\frac{685}{50}=\frac{137}{10}\)