Read the article again and choose the correct answers A, B, or C.

1. Which of the following is not a COP’s key goal?

A. Stop cutting down forests.

B. Replace coal with cleaner sources of energy.

C. End methane emissions.

2. What will happen if there is a balance between the greenhouse gases released and those removed from the atmosphere?

A. Global warming will be limited to 1.5°C.

B. Global CO₂ emissions will increase.

C. Countries will switch to clean energy.

3. Why is it important to reduce the use of coal?

A. Because it is easy to build coal plants.

B. Because coal is not as clean as gas.

C. Because it is responsible for a large part of the CO₂ emissions.

4. How does deforestation contribute to global warming?

A. Trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

B. Trees release carbon into the atmosphere when they are cut down or burnt.

C. Forests trap heat and increase temperatures.

5. Why is reducing methane emissions a key goal?

A. Because its emissions result from farming activities and landfill waste.

B. Because methane’s warming power is stronger than that of CO₂.

C. Because it is produced through human activities.

Read and listen to the article again and answer the questions.

1. What problem will we have in the next thirty years?

2. Why are insects the solution?

3. What does the word they in bold refer to?

4. In what parts of the world do people eat insects?

                                                  The food of the future

                                       INSECTS - The superfood of the future

There are a lot of hungry people in the world, so how do we deal with it? In the next thirty years, we'll need to provide enough protein for billions more mouths, and with all these extra people there will be even less space for farming. One solution is for us to eat insects. They are a great source of protein and they don't need as much space or water as farm animals.

So why don't we eat insects regularly? The fact is that many people in Asia, Africa and South America already do. The problem is that Europeans and North Americans don't want to. Some governments are now trying to convince them why it is a good idea. The Nordic Food Lab in Copenhagen, for example, developed the 'Insect Deliciousness' project. Its chefs have been to five continents to discover an incredible world of insect flavour. In Australia, they tasted honey ants. They ate fried caterpillars in Tanzania, and in Mexico, they enjoyed desert-ant eggs. Will they and other similar organisations persuade Europeans and Americans to take a bite from a caterpillar or an ant? What's your view? How many people will eat insects in the future? How much food made with insects will you eat?

Read the article on the future of human beings. Match paragraphs 1-5 with pictures A - E.

FACES OF THE FUTURE

Humans have adapted and changed through the ages and, unless a catastrophe destroys the Earth, we'll probably survive and continue to change. Scientists are already saying that children born now might live until they're 150. Further into the future, perhaps people won't die but simply buy new body parts as they get older!

What other changes are possible in the years ahead?

1. Homo Informaticus

If we continue to use computers and screens more and more, our eyes and brains will probably get bigger in order to process more information.

2. Neo-humans

If there’s a terrible war or an epidemic, survivors might leave the cities and live in caves. They'll become stronger, hairier and more agile.

3. Homo Perfectus

If scientists manipulate human genes, will some people pay to have children who are better looking, healthier and more intelligent than ‘normal’ humans?

4. Cyborgs

Soldiers of the future might be part human, part machine, with super-strong body parts, auto-zoom eyes and a brain connected by Wi-Fi to super computers.

5. Space humans

If the Earth gets too crowded, humans will move to other planets. If they adapt to a different atmosphere and gravity on another planet, they won't look the same as humans on Earth.

Which possibilities do you think are most likely? 

Read the article and look at the pictures. Match the underlined words in the article with pictures 1-4.

A gut feeling?

Emotions do not just occur in your mind; they also have a physical effect on your body. A group of scientists from Finland decided to find out which emotions affect which parts of the body. They asked 701 volunteers to colour in silhouettes in response to emotional words, stories and videos. The results show that the people generally experience emotions like anger, envy and shame in similar ways.

For example, when you're angry, you probably feel that anger mostly in your chest and head. But if you feel ashamed, you probably notice it in your face and, in particular, your cheeks. Depression makes your whole body feel less active, whereas happiness affects your whole body in a positive way.

'Hot' colours like yellow and red show an increase in activity, while blue shows the opposite. Black is neutral.

Read the article. Match the highlighted words with their meanings.

Over the past two centuries, different generations were born and given different names. Each generation comes with its characteristics, which are largely influenced by the historical, economic, and social conditions of the country they live in. However, in many countries the following three generations have common characteristics.

Generation X refers to the generation born between 1965 and 1980. When Gen Xers grew up, they experienced many social changes and developments in history. As a result, they are always ready for changes and prepared to work through changes. Gen Xers are also known as critical thinkers because they achieved higher levels of education than previous generations.

Generation Y, also known as Millennials, refers to those born between the early 1980s and late 1990s. They are curious and ready to accept changes. If there is a faster, better way of doing something, Millennials want to try it out. They also value teamwork. When working in a team, Millennials welcome different points of view and ideas from others.

Generation Z includes people born between the late 1990s and early 2010s, a time of great technological developments and changes. That is why Gen Zers are also called digital natives. They grew up online and never knew the world before digital and social media. They are very creative and able to experiment with platforms to suit their needs. Many Gen Zers are also interested in starting their own businesses and companies. They saw so many people lose their jobs, so they think it is safer to be your own boss than relying on someone else to hire you.

Soon a new generation, labelled Gen Alpha, will be on the scene. Let's wait and see if we will notice the generation gap

Read the article and match the photos (A-C) with two of the artists.

Jessie Hemmons

Magda Sayeg

GRANNY GRAFFITI

The statue of Rocky outside the Philadelphia Museum of Art is very popular with tourists, who often stop to take their photo in front of it without bothering to visit the museum itself. This irritated the artist Jessie Hemmons, who knitted a bright pink jacket and put it on the statue of the boxer. On the front of the jacket, Jessie knitted the words 'Go see the art'. Jessie hopes that more people will visit the gallery. This form of street art has become known as 'yarn bombing'.

The craze is believed to have started in 2005 by Magda Sayeg in Houston, Texas. One day Magda decided, just for fun, to knit a blue-and-pink cover for her shop's door handle. She loved it, and unexpectedly, so did her customers. Pedestrians stopped outside the shop to photograph it. Motorists slowed down to take a closer look. Their reaction inspired Magda to make covers for other objects in the street, such as a stop sign, a lamp post, a parking meter - and even an entire bus, which took a whole week to complete!

There are now yarn bombing groups in dozens of countries. They photograph and film their works and upload them to the internet.

Jessie believes that most street art is done by men and that yarn bombing is a more feminine activity. But not everyone approves of the new form of street art. Some people argue that covering public objects in wool is vandalism and littering, but the police appear to have a relatively relaxed attitude towards yarn bombers. They might interrupt them if they see them at work in the street, but they do not often view them as criminals.

Whether you see yarn bombing as a bit of fun that brightens up drab cities, or as a form of high culture with a serious message, it is a craze that is likely to continue.