Luyện tập – Vận dụng 4
Tính:
a) \(\ln \left( {\sqrt 5 + 2} \right) + \ln \left( {\sqrt 5 - 2} \right)\)
b) \(\log 400 - \log 4\)
c) \({\log _4}8 + {\log _4}12 + {\log _4}\frac{{32}}{3}\)
Giải các phương trình sau:
a) \(\log \left( {x + 1} \right) = 2;\)
b) \(2{\log _4}x + {\log _2}\left( {x - 3} \right) = 2;\)
c) \(\ln x + \ln \left( {x - 1} \right) = \ln 4x;\)
d) \({\log _3}\left( {{x^2} - 3x + 2} \right) = {\log _3}\left( {2x - 4} \right).\)
a, ĐK: \(x+1>0\Leftrightarrow x>-1\)
\(log\left(x+1\right)=2\\ \Leftrightarrow x+1=10^2\\ \Leftrightarrow x+1=100\\ \Leftrightarrow x=99\left(tm\right)\)
b, ĐK: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3>0\\x>0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x>3\)
\(2log_4x+log_2\left(x-3\right)=2\\ \Leftrightarrow log_2x+log_2\left(x-3\right)=2\\ \Leftrightarrow log_2\left(x^2-3x\right)=2\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-3x=4\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-3x-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\left(ktm\right)\\x=4\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, ĐK: \(x>1\)
\(lnx+ln\left(x-1\right)=ln4x\\ \Leftrightarrow ln\left[x\left(x-1\right)\right]-ln4x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow ln\left(\dfrac{x-1}{4}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-1}{4}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x-1=4\\ \Leftrightarrow x=5\left(tm\right)\)
d, ĐK: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-3x+2>0\\2x-4>0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x>2\)
\(log_3\left(x^2-3x+2\right)=log_3\left(2x-4\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+2=2x-4\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-5x+6=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(ktm\right)\\x=3\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Luyện tập – Vận dụng 2
Tính
a) \({\log _4}\sqrt[5]{{16}}\)
b) \({36^{{{\log }_6}8}}\)
a) \(\log_4\sqrt[5]{16}=\log_4\left(4^2\right)^{\dfrac{1}{5}}=\log_44^{\dfrac{2}{5}}=\dfrac{2}{5}\log_44=\dfrac{2}{5}.1=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
b) \(36^{\log_68}=\left(6^2\right)^{\log_68}=6^{2\log_68}=6^{\log_68^2}=8^2=64\)
a: \(log_4\sqrt[5]{16}=log_4\sqrt[5]{4^2}=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
b: \(36^{log_68}=6\cdot^{2\cdot log_68}=8^2=64\)
Giải mỗi phương trình sau:
a) \({\log _5}\left( {2x - 4} \right) + {\log _{\frac{1}{5}}}\left( {x - 1} \right) = 0\)
b) \({\log _2}x + {\log _4}x = 3\)
a)
ĐK: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-4>0\\x-1>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x>1\)
\(\log_5\left(2x-4\right)+\log_{\dfrac{1}{5}}\left(x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\log_5\left(2x-4\right)-\log_5\left(x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\log_5\left(\dfrac{2x-4}{x-1}\right)=\log_51\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-4}{x-1}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-4=x-1\\ \Leftrightarrow x=3\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy x = 3.
b) ĐK: x > 0
\(\log_2x+\log_4x=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\log_2x+\dfrac{1}{2}\log_2x=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\log_2x=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\log_2x=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\log_2x=2\\ \Leftrightarrow x=4\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy x= 4
Giải các phương trình sau:
a) \(logx+logx^2=log9x\);
b) \(logx^4+log4x=2+logx^3\)
c) \(log^{\left[\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\right]}_4+log^{\dfrac{x-2}{x+3}}_4=2\)
d) \(log^{\left(x-2\right)log^x_5}_{\sqrt{3}}=2log_3^{\left(x-2\right)}\)
Tính giá trị các biểu thức sau:
a) \({\log _{\frac{1}{4}}}8\);
b) \({\log _4}5.{\log _5}6.{\log _6}8\).
a: \(log_{\dfrac{1}{4}}8=log_{2^{-2}}2^3=\dfrac{-3}{2}\cdot log_22=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
b: \(log_45\cdot log_56\cdot log_68\)
\(=log_45\cdot\dfrac{log_46}{log_45}\cdot\dfrac{log_48}{log_46}\)
\(=log_48=log_{2^2}2^3=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Tính giá trị của các biểu thức sau:
a) \(A = {\log _2}3.{\log _3}4.{\log _4}5.{\log _5}6.{\log _6}7.{\log _7}8;\)
b) \(B = {\log _2}2.{\log _2}4...{\log _2}{2^n}.\)
\(a,A=log_23\cdot log_34\cdot log_45\cdot log_56\cdot log_67\cdot log_78\\ =log_28\\ =log_22^3\\ =3\\ b,B=log_22\cdot log_24...log_22^n\\ =log_22\cdot log_22^2...log_22^n\\ =1\cdot2\cdot...\cdot n\\ =n!\)
Đặt \(\log 2 = a,\log 3 = b\). Biểu thị các biểu thức sau theo \(a\) và \(b\).
a) \({\log _4}9\);
b) \({\log _6}12\);
c) \({\log _5}6\).
a: \(log_49=\dfrac{log9}{log4}=\dfrac{log3^2}{log2^2}=\dfrac{2\cdot log3}{2\cdot log2}=\dfrac{log3}{log2}=\dfrac{b}{a}\)
b: \(log_612=\dfrac{log12}{log6}=\dfrac{log2^2+log3}{log2+log3}=\dfrac{2\cdot log2+log3}{log2+log3}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a+b}{a+b}\)
c: \(log_56=\dfrac{log6}{log5}=\dfrac{log\left(2\cdot3\right)}{log\left(\dfrac{10}{2}\right)}=\dfrac{log2+log3}{log10-log2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b}{1-a}\)
Luyện tập – Vận dụng 8
Giải mỗi bất phương trình sau:
a) \({\log _3}x < 2\)
b) \({\log _{\frac{1}{4}}}\left( {x - 5} \right) \ge - 2\)
a, Điều kiện: x > 0
\(log_3\left(x\right)< 2\\ \Rightarrow0< x< 9\)
b, Điều kiện: x > 5
\(log_{\dfrac{1}{4}}\left(x-5\right)\ge-2\\ \Rightarrow x-5\le16\\ \Leftrightarrow5< x\le21\)
Đề bài
Cho \({\log _a}b = 2\). Tính:
a) \({\log _a}\left( {{a^2}b} \right)\)
b) \({\log _a}\frac{{a\sqrt a }}{{b\sqrt[3]{b}}}\)
c) \({\log _a}(2b) + {\log _a}\left( {\frac{{{b^2}}}{2}} \right)\)
a) \(\log_a\left(a^2b\right)=\log_aa^2+\log_ab=2.\log_aa+\log_ab=2.1+2=4\)
b) \(\log_a\dfrac{a\sqrt{a}}{b\sqrt[3]{a}}=\log_a\left(a\sqrt{a}\right)-\log_a\left(b\sqrt[3]{b}\right)=\log_aa^{\dfrac{3}{2}}-\log_ab^{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{3}{2}.\log_aa-\dfrac{4}{3}\log_ab=\dfrac{3}{2}.1-\dfrac{4}{3}.2=-\dfrac{7}{6}\)
c) \(\log_a\left(2b\right)+\log_a\left(\dfrac{b^2}{2}\right)=\log_a2+\log_ab+\log_ab^2-\log_a2=\log_ab+2\log_ab=3\log_ab=3.2=6\)
a: \(=log_aa^2+log_ab=2+2=4\)
b: \(log_a\left(\dfrac{a\sqrt{a}}{b\sqrt[3]{b}}\right)=log_aa^{\dfrac{3}{2}}-log_ab^{\dfrac{4}{3}}\)
=3/2-4/3*2
=3/2-8/3
=9/6-16/6=-7/6
c: \(log_a\left(2b\right)+log_a\left(\dfrac{b^2}{2}\right)\)
\(=log_a\left(2b\cdot\dfrac{b^2}{2}\right)=log_a\left(b^3\right)=3\cdot2=6\)