Use the words in the box to form compound nouns mentioned in 1. Match them with the meanings below.

Exercise 1. Check the meanings of the words in the box. Read the text and match the words to numbers 1-7 on the map.

(Kiểm tra nghĩa của các từ trong khung. Đọc bài và nối các từ với số 1-7 trên bản đồ.)

Time zones

Time zones help us know what time it is in different parts of the world. This is because when the Earth rotates, the sun shines on only one part of the Earth, so when it's the morning in your country, it's night-time in another country.

The Earth has got twenty-four time zones. The lines for each time zone go from north to south. These are called lines of longitude. The line on the map at 0° longitude is called the Prime Meridian. This line goes through Greenwich, in London. The time there is called Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

The Earth rotates 15° of longitude every hour (24 x 15° = 360°). Places east of the Prime Meridian are ahead of GMT. For example, Istanbul is about 30° east of the Prime Meridian, so the time there is GMT plus two hours. Places west of the Prime Meridian are behind GMT. For example, Rio is about 45° west of the Prime Meridian, so the time there is GMT minus three hours. So when it is 12 p.m. in London, it is 2 p.m. in Istanbul and 9 a.m. in Rio.

IV. Read the text below. Complete the gaps (1-3) with appropriate words A-F from the box to obtain a
grammatically and lexically correct text. Fill in the gaps with appropriate letters. There are three
extra words that do not match any of the gaps.

A. invented

B. designed

C. discovered

D. planned

E. first

F. early

CALENDARS
These days, everybody uses calendars to note important dates like birthdays, but when did we start
measuring time?
Until recently, experts believed that people in the Near East made the 1) ………………..……. calendar
5,000 years ago. However, they then 2) ………………..……. an ancient site in Scotland from over
10,000 years ago. At the site, there were 12 holes in the ground. Scientists think that people
3) ………………..……. them to track the movement of the Moon and measure time. It’s an exciting discovery because it shows that people had calendars many centuries ago.

Question I. Complete the passage with the given words in the box.

Natural (1)……………............. can be destructive; they can wreak havoc across large areas and cause loss of life or (2)…………….............  to property. We cannot prevent natural disasters, but we can prepare  for them. The first (3)…………….............  is to learn about the risks in your area and read the information about natural disasters on local government sites. Next, find out  what the  rescue  and  emergency workers advise. These (4)………............have been trained to deal with disasters, have been through lots of them and know how to help. Make sure you have all the emergency contact (5)……………........... entered  in  your  mobile phone.  It  is  also  important that you put together an emergency supply kit. Your emergency supply kit should include (6)……………...........  , water, medications, personal hygiene items, copies of personal documents and some money. You may also need some extra (7)………….............if  you live in a cold climate. Natural disasters can force people to leave their homes so you should also (8)……………............. familiar with  the  guidelines for  evacuation. Plan safe places to meet your family and get to know the evacuation routes and shelters.

Exercise 1. Check the meanings of the words in the box and match them with pictures 1-9. Then complete the text with the correct words.

(Kiểm tra nghĩa của các từ trong khung và nối chúng với bức tranh 1-9. Sau đó hoàn thành văn bản với các từ đúng.)

Vertebrates

Vertebrates are animals with backbones. The following groups are the different types of vertebrates.

Fish

Fish are cold blooded animals and they live in water. They have got scales and (1)………… . They haven't got lungs. They have got (2)………… instead.

Mammals

All mammals are warm-blooded and they feed their babies milk. Most mammals live on land, for example, humans and dogs. However, some mammals, like whales, live in water, but they haven't got gills. Mammals have all got (3)………… .

Birds

Birds live on land, but some of them look for food in the water. They have got (4)………… , two legs

and two (5)………… . Some birds, like ostriches and kiwis, can't fly. All birds lay eggs.

Amphibians

When amphibians are young, they live in water and they haven't got lungs. When they are adult, they have got lungs and four (6)………… - for example, frogs and toads.

Reptiles

Most reptiles live on land. They have got lungs and (7)………… but not gills. They haven't got any wings or feathers and they haven't got any (8)………… . They are cold blooded animals and many of them live in warm places.

Work in pairs. Label the parts of the leaflet with the words in the box. Use the tips on page 59 to help you.