1.

\(a+b+c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{\left(a+2b\right)^2+\left(b+2c\right)^2+\left(c+2a\right)^2}{\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(b-2c\right)^2+\left(c-2a\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2+4b^2+4ab+b^2+4c^2+4bc+c^2+4a^2+4ca}{a^2+4b^2-4ab+b^2+4c^2-4bc+c^2+4a^2-4ca}\)

\(=\dfrac{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-10\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{-10\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-6}{-14}=\dfrac{3}{7}\)

b.

\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right)-3abc\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab+2bc+3ca}{3a^2+4b^2+5c^2}=\dfrac{a^2+2a^2+3a^2}{3a^2+4a^2+5a^2}=\dfrac{6}{12}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau

a/2=b/3=c/4=a+2b-3c/2+6-12=-20/-4=5

Từ a/2=5-> a=10

      b/3=5-> b=15

      c/4=5-> c=20

Vậy a=10, b=15 , c=20

Đề thiếu. Bạn coi lại đề.

1. b3+b= 3                                       

(b3+b)=3                            

b.(3+1)=3

b. 4= 3

b=\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)

a3+a= 3                                       b3

(a3+a)=3                            

a.(3+1)=3

a. 4= 3

a=\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)

2

a: Sửa đề: \(B=\left(\dfrac{2a}{a+3}+\dfrac{2}{3-a}+\dfrac{3}{a^2-9}\right):\dfrac{a+1}{a-3}\)

\(=\dfrac{2a^2-6a-2a-6+3}{\left(a-3\right)\left(a+3\right)}\cdot\dfrac{a-3}{a+1}=\dfrac{2a^2-8a-3}{\left(a+3\right)\left(a+1\right)}\)

b: |a|=2

=>a=2 hoặc a=-2

Khi a=2 thì \(B=\dfrac{2\cdot2^2-8\cdot2-3}{\left(2+3\right)\left(2+1\right)}=\dfrac{-11}{15}\)

Khi a=-2 thì \(B=\dfrac{2\cdot\left(-2\right)^2-8\cdot\left(-2\right)-3}{\left(-2+3\right)\left(-2+1\right)}=-21\)