Đặt \(\frac{a-b}{c}=x;\frac{b-c}{a}=y;\frac{c-a}{b}=z\Rightarrow\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{1}{x};\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{1}{y};\frac{b}{c-a}=\frac{1}{z}\)

Vì a+b+c=0 => a=-b-c ; b=-c-a ; c=-a-b 

                         a³+b³+c³=3abc

Ta có: \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\left(\frac{c}{a-b}+\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}\)

Lại có: \(\frac{x+z}{y}=\left(x+z\right)\cdot\frac{1}{y}=\left(\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\cdot\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{ab-b^2+c^2-ac}{bc}\cdot\frac{a}{b-c}\)

\(=\frac{a\left(b-c\right)-\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{bc}\cdot\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{\left(a-b-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{bc}\cdot\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{a\left(a+a\right)}{bc}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}=\frac{2a^3}{abc}\)

Tượng tự \(\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^3}{abc};\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{2c^3}{abc}\)

Do đó \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\left(\frac{c}{a-b}+\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}\right)=3+\frac{2a^3+2b^3+2c^3}{abc}=3+\frac{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}=3+\frac{2.3abc}{abc}=9\)

=>đpcm

Sao phải phức tạp thế?

Bài 2 :

Ta có : \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\cdot\frac{a+b+c}{abc}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\cdot1=4\)

( Do \(a+b+c=abc\) )

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=2\) (đpcm)

P/s : Cho hỏi bài 1 có a,b,c > 0 không ?

Khuyến mãi thêm bài 1 :))

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có :

\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b^2}\cdot\frac{b^2}{c^2}}=\frac{2a}{c}\) (1)

Tương tự ta có :

\(\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2b}{a}\)(2), \(\frac{c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2}\ge\frac{2c}{b}\) (3)

Cộng các vế của BĐT (1) (2) và (3) và chia 2 ta có :

\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Đặt \(P=\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\) ; \(Q=\frac{c}{a-b}+\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}\)

Ta có : \(P=\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)}{abc}\)

Xét tử số của P  :  \(ab\left(a-b\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)=ab\left[-\left(b-c\right)-\left(c-a\right)\right]+bc\left(b-c\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)\)

\(=-ab\left(b-c\right)-ab\left(c-a\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+ac\left(c-a\right)\)

\(=b\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)+a\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)=\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-a\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-a\right)}{abc}\)

Lại có : \(Q=\frac{c}{a-b}+\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}\). Đặt \(a-b=x\); \(b-c=y\); \(c-a=z\)

Suy ra được : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=a-b-b+c=a+c-2b=-3b\\y-z=b-c-c+a=a+b-2c=-3c\\z-x=c-a+b-a=b+c-2a=-3a\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b=-\frac{\left(x-y\right)}{3}\\c=-\frac{\left(y-z\right)}{3}\\a=-\frac{\left(z-x\right)}{3}\end{cases}}}\)

Ta có : \(Q=\frac{-\left(\frac{y-z}{3}\right)}{x}+\frac{-\left(\frac{z-x}{3}\right)}{y}+\frac{-\left(\frac{x-y}{3}\right)}{z}=-\frac{1}{3}.\left(\frac{y-z}{x}+\frac{z-x}{y}+\frac{x-y}{z}\right)\)

\(=-\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)+xz\left(z-x\right)+yx\left(x-y\right)}{xyz}\right)\)

Đến đây rút gọn tương tự với P được: \(Q=\frac{\left(x-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(z-y\right)}{3xyz}=\frac{\left(3a\right).\left(-3b\right).\left(3c\right)}{3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\Rightarrow Q=\frac{-9abc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

Vậy : \(PQ=\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-a\right)}{abc}.\frac{-9abc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=9\)

Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh.

\(\)

Lời giải:

Đặt \((\frac{a-b}{c}, \frac{b-c}{a}, \frac{c-a}{b})=(x,y,z)\)

Khi đó:
\(Q=(x+y+z)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}\)

Ta có:

\(x+y=\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}=\frac{a^2-ab+bc-c^2}{ac}=\frac{b(c-a)-(c-a)(c+a)}{ca}\)

\(=\frac{b(c-a)-(c-a)(-b)}{ac}=\frac{2b(c-a)}{ca}\) (do $a+b+c=0$)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b(c-a)}{ca}.\frac{b}{c-a}=\frac{2b^2}{ca}=\frac{2b^3}{abc}\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự:

\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{2c^3}{abc}; \frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^3}{abc}\)

Do đó:

\(Q=3+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{x+z}{y}=3+\frac{2(a^3+b^3+c^3)}{abc}=3+\frac{2[(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3]}{abc}\)

\(=3+\frac{2[(-c)^3-3ab(-c)+c^3]}{abc}=3+\frac{2.3abc}{abc}=3+6=9\)

Ta có đpcm.

Đặt \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c},\frac{b-c}{a},\frac{c-a}{b}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)

Khi đó :
\(Q=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}\)

Ta có :

\(x+y=\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}=\frac{a^2-ab+bc-c^2}{ac}=\frac{b\left(c-a\right)-\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)}{ca}\)

\(=\frac{b\left(c-a\right)-\left(c-a\right)\left(-b\right)}{ac}=\frac{2b\left(c-a\right)}{ca}\) ( do \(a+b+c=0\))

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b\left(c-a\right)}{ca}.\frac{b}{c-a}=\frac{2b^2}{ca}=\frac{2b^3}{abc}\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự 

\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{2c^3}{abc};\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^3}{abc}\)

Do đó :

\(Q=3+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{x+z}{y}=3+\frac{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}=3\)

\(=3+\frac{2\left[\left(-c\right)^3-3ab\left(-c\right)^3+c^3\right]}{abc}=3+\frac{2.3abc}{abc}=3+6=9\)

Ta có đpcm