Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{5}=k\Rightarrow x=2k;y=5k\)

\(xy=10\Rightarrow10k^2=10\Rightarrow k^2=1\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}k=1\\k=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2;y=5\\x=-2;y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{5}=k\Rightarrow x=2k;y=5k\)

\(xy=10\\ \Rightarrow2k.5k=10\\ \Rightarrow10k^2=10\\ \Rightarrow k^2=1\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}k=-1\\k=1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2;y=-5\\x=2;y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

3) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{9}=\dfrac{x-y}{5-9}=\dfrac{-40}{-4}=10\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10.5=50\\y=10.9=90\end{matrix}\right.\)

4) \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{5x}{10}=\dfrac{2y}{6}=\dfrac{5x-2y}{10-6}=\dfrac{28}{4}=7\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=7.2=14\\y=7.3=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

5) \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{7}=\dfrac{z}{10}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{5+7-10}=\dfrac{20}{2}=10\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10.5=50\\y=10.7=70\\z=10.10=100\end{matrix}\right.\)

6) \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{3x}{9}=\dfrac{2y}{8}=\dfrac{2z}{10}=\dfrac{3x-2y+2z}{9-8+10}=\dfrac{121}{11}=11\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=11.3=33\\y=11.4=44\\z=11.5=55\end{matrix}\right.\)

7) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{12}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{10}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{12+6-10}=\dfrac{20}{8}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}.12=30\\y=\dfrac{5}{2}.6=15\\z=\dfrac{5}{2}.10=25\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 3:

\(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{5}{9}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{9}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{9}=\dfrac{x-y}{5-9}=\dfrac{-40}{-4}=10\)

\(\dfrac{x}{5}=10\Rightarrow x=5\\ \dfrac{y}{9}=10\Rightarrow y=90\)

Câu b:

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{5x-2y}{10-6}=\dfrac{28}{4}=7\)

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=7\Rightarrow x=14\\ \dfrac{y}{3}=7\Rightarrow y=21\)

Câu c:

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{7}=\dfrac{z}{10}=\dfrac{x+y-1}{5+7-10}=\dfrac{20}{2}=10\)

\(\dfrac{x}{5}=10\Rightarrow x=50\\ \dfrac{y}{7}=10\Rightarrow y=70\\ \dfrac{z}{10}=10\Rightarrow z=100\)

Câu d:

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{3x-2y+2z}{9-8+10}=\dfrac{121}{11}=11\)

\(\dfrac{x}{3}=11\Rightarrow x=3\\ \dfrac{y}{4}=11\Rightarrow y=44\\ \dfrac{z}{5}=11\Rightarrow z=55\)

Câu e:

\(\dfrac{x}{4}=\dfrac{y}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{6}\\\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{10}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{10} \)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{8}=\dfrac{y}{6}=\dfrac{z}{10}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{8+6-10}=\dfrac{20}{4}=5\)

\(\dfrac{x}{8}=5\Rightarrow x=40\\ \dfrac{y}{6}=5\Rightarrow y=30\\ \dfrac{z}{10}=5\Rightarrow z=50\)

a) 2^x+1.3^y=12³

<=>2^x+1.3^y=(2²)³.3³

<=> 2^x+1=2⁶  và 3^y=3³

<=>x+1=6 và y=3

<=>x=5 và y=3

b) 10^x : 5^y=20^y

<=>10^x=20^y.5^y=100^y=(10²)^y

<=>x=2y (Nhiều số lắm chèn)

c) 2^x=4^y-1 

<=>2^x=2^y-2

<=>x=y-2

Mặt khác: 27^y=3^x+8

<=> 3^3y=3^x+8

<=>3y=x+8

<=>3y=(y-2)+8

<=>2y=6

<=>y=3

=>x=y-2=3-2=1

Sửa câu a xíu he

a) 2^x+1 . 3^y=12^x

<=>2^x+1.3^y=2^2x.3^x

<=>2^x+1=2^2x và 3^y=3^x

<=>x=y

và x+1=2x

<=>x=1 (và y=1)

=>Cặp (x;y)=(1;1)

a) Ta có: \(2^{x+1}\cdot3^y=12^x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2^{x+1}\cdot3^y=\left(2^2\right)^3\cdot3^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=2\cdot3\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: (x,y)=(5;3)

b) Ta có: \(10^x:5^y=20^y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow10^x=20^y\cdot5^y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow10^x=100^y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=2y\)

\(\dfrac{4}{x}=\dfrac{y}{21}=\dfrac{28}{49}=\dfrac{28:7}{49:7}=\dfrac{4}{9}\\ Vậy:x=\dfrac{4.9}{4}=9\\ y=\dfrac{4.21}{9}=\dfrac{28}{3}\)

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{3}{y}\\ \Leftrightarrow x.y=2.3=6\\ Vậy:\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;6\right)=\left(6;1\right)\\\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;3\right)=\left(3;2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(3,\\ \dfrac{42}{54}=\dfrac{42:6}{54:6}=\dfrac{7}{9}\\ \dfrac{42}{54}=\dfrac{7}{x}=\dfrac{7}{9}\\ Vậy:x=\dfrac{7.9}{7}=9\)

\(\text{a)}\)\(2^{x+1}.3^y=2^{2x}.3^x\Leftrightarrow\frac{2^{2x}}{2^{x+1}}=\frac{3^y}{3^x}\)

                                          \(\Leftrightarrow2^{x-1}=3^{y-x}\)

                                           \(\Leftrightarrow x-1=y-x=0\)

                                           \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)