Giải:

a) \(\dfrac{12}{16}=\dfrac{-x}{4}=\dfrac{21}{y}=\dfrac{z}{80}\)  

\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{12.-4}{16}=-3\) 

\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{16.21}{12}=28\) 

\(\Rightarrow z=\dfrac{12.80}{16}=60\) 

b) \(\dfrac{1}{3}x+\dfrac{2}{5}\left(x-1\right)\)  =0

    \(\dfrac{1}{3}x+\dfrac{2}{5}x-\dfrac{2}{5}=0\) 

     \(x.\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{2}{5}\right)\)   \(=0+\dfrac{2}{5}\) 

            \(x.\dfrac{11}{15}\)       \(=\dfrac{2}{5}\) 

                 x          \(=\dfrac{2}{5}:\dfrac{11}{15}\) 

                x           \(=\dfrac{6}{11}\) 

c) (2x-3)(6-2x)=0

⇒2x-3=0 hoặc 6-2x=0

        x=3/2 hoặc x=3

d) \(\dfrac{-2}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2x-5\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

               \(\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2x-5\right)=\dfrac{-2}{3}-\dfrac{3}{2}\) 

               \(\dfrac{1}{3}\left(2x-5\right)=\dfrac{-13}{6}\)  

                   \(2x-5=\dfrac{-13}{6}:\dfrac{1}{3}\) 

                   \(2x-5=\dfrac{-13}{2}\) 

                         \(2x=\dfrac{-13}{2}+5\)

                         \(2x=\dfrac{-3}{2}\) 

                           \(x=\dfrac{-3}{2}:2\) 

                           \(x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\) 

e) \(2\left|\dfrac{1}{2}x-\dfrac{1}{3}\right|=\dfrac{1}{4}\) 

       \(\left|\dfrac{1}{2}x-\dfrac{1}{3}\right|=\dfrac{1}{4}:2\) 

       \(\left|\dfrac{1}{2}x-\dfrac{1}{3}\right|=\dfrac{1}{8}\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}x-\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)  hoặc \(\dfrac{1}{2}x-\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{-1}{8}\) 

                \(x=\dfrac{11}{12}\) hoặc \(x=\dfrac{5}{12}\)

kẻ lười biếng nạp card, đi ô tô

lỗi

x + 4/9 + 8/18 + 12/27 + 16/36 = 16/9

 x + (4/9+12/27)+(8/12+16/36) = 16/9

 x +       8/9         +     10/9        = 16/9

  x +               2                         = 16/9

  x                                              = 16/9 - 2

  x                                               =  -2/18  

x+4/9+4/9+4/9+4/9=16/9
x+4/9.4=16/9
x+16/9=16/9
-->    x = 0

\(=\dfrac{5}{21}+\dfrac{16}{21}-\left(\dfrac{19}{23}+\dfrac{4}{23}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Bài 2:

\(a,\dfrac{2}{x}=\dfrac{x}{8}\\ \Rightarrow x.x=8.2\\ \Rightarrow x^2=16\\ \Rightarrow x=\pm4\)

\(b,\dfrac{2x-9}{240}=\dfrac{39}{80}\\ \Rightarrow80\left(2x-9\right)=240.39\\ \Rightarrow160x-720=9360\\ \Rightarrow160x=10080\\ \Rightarrow x=63\)

\(c,\dfrac{x-1}{9}=\dfrac{8}{3}\\ \Rightarrow3\left(x-1\right)=8.9\\ \Rightarrow3\left(x-1\right)=72\\ \Rightarrow x-1=24\\ \Rightarrow x=25\)

7) 5x=4y ⇒\(\dfrac{x}{4}=\dfrac{y}{5}\)

Nhân cả hai vế với \(\dfrac{x}{4}\), ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{x}{4}\right)^2=\dfrac{x}{4}.\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{xy}{20}=\dfrac{20}{20}=1\)

\(\left(\dfrac{x}{4}\right)^2=1\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{4}=1\\\dfrac{x}{4}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇒ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=5\\y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

4) áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{0,5}=\dfrac{y}{0,3}=\dfrac{z}{0,2}=\dfrac{z-y+x}{0,2-0,3+0,5}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{2}{5}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{x}{0,5}=\dfrac{5}{2}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(\dfrac{y}{0,3}=\dfrac{5}{2}\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\dfrac{z}{0,2}=\dfrac{5}{2}\Rightarrow z=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

6) áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{x+11}{13}=\dfrac{y+12}{14}=\dfrac{z+13}{15}=\dfrac{x+11+y+12+z+13}{13+14+15}=\dfrac{42}{42}=1\)

\(\dfrac{x+11}{13}=1\Rightarrow x=2\)

\(\dfrac{y+12}{13}=1\Rightarrow y=1\)

\(\dfrac{z+13}{15}=1\Rightarrow z=2\)

7) \(5x=4y\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{4}=\dfrac{y}{5}=k\)

\(\Rightarrow x=4k,y=5k\)

\(x.y=20\\ \Rightarrow4k.5k=20\\ \Rightarrow20k^2=20\\ \Rightarrow k^2=1\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}k=-1\\k=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(x=4k\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(y=5k\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-5\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(\left(x,y\right)=\left\{\left(-4;-5\right);\left(4;5\right)\right\}\)

= -103/273

= 0

= -5/7

5.\(-\dfrac{3}{7}+\dfrac{5}{13}+\dfrac{-4}{12}=-\dfrac{103}{273}\)

b.\(-\dfrac{5}{21}+\dfrac{-2}{21}+\dfrac{8}{24}=\dfrac{-5-2}{21}+\dfrac{8}{24}=-\dfrac{7}{21}+\dfrac{8}{24}=-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{8}{24}=0\)

c.\(\dfrac{5}{13}+\dfrac{-5}{7}+\dfrac{-20}{41}+\dfrac{8}{13}+\dfrac{-21}{41}=\left(\dfrac{5}{13}+\dfrac{8}{13}\right)+\left(\dfrac{-20}{41}+\dfrac{-21}{41}\right)+-\dfrac{5}{7}=1-1-\dfrac{5}{7}=-\dfrac{5}{7}\)

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