Ta có      

\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)=\(\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

                         \(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)

nên     \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+.....+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)\(< 2\left(\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)+...+\left(3\sqrt{2}-2\right)+\left(2-1\right)\right)\)                                                                                            = 2 

chỗ dòng cuối nhầm

à đúng đấy

Biểu thức cuối là \(\frac{\sqrt{x_n^2-1}}{x_1}\) hay là \(\frac{\sqrt{x_n^2-1}}{x_{n+1}}\)

a) Bất đẳng thức đúng khi a = b = 2c

do đó \(\sqrt{c\left(2c-c\right)}+\sqrt{c\left(2c-c\right)}\le n\sqrt{2c.2c}\Leftrightarrow n\ge1\)

xảy ra khi n = 1

Thật vậy, ta có :

\(\sqrt{\frac{c}{b}.\frac{a-c}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a}.\frac{b-c}{b}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a-c}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{b-c}{b}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{c\left(a-c\right)}+\sqrt{c\left(b-c\right)}\le\sqrt{ab}\)

Vậy n nhỏ nhất là 1

b) Ta có : a + b = \(\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2}\le\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2}=\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)

Áp dụng, ta được : \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{n}\le\sqrt{2\left(n+1\right)},\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{n-1}\le\sqrt{2\left(1+n\right)},...\)

\(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{1}\le\sqrt{2\left(1+n\right)};\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{2}\le\sqrt{2\left(1+n\right)},...\)

\(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{n}\le\sqrt{2\left(1+n\right)}\)

do đó : \(4\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{n}\right)\le2n\sqrt{2\left(1+n\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{n}\le n\sqrt{\frac{n+1}{2}}\)

ta thấy \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}>...>\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)nên \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)>\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)=\(\frac{n}{\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n}\)

với mọi k thuộc N ta luôn có 

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k-1}}\)=\(\frac{2\left(\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k-1}\right)}{k-k+1}=2\left(\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k-1}\right)\)

áp dụng tính chất này ta có

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)<2(\(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{0}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\)+...+\(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\))=\(2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{0}\right)=2\sqrt{n}\)

BĐT đúng với n=2

giả sử BĐT đúng với n=k , tức là: \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}< k\sqrt{\frac{k+1}{2}}\)

Ta phải chứng minh BĐT đúng vớới n=k+1:

\(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}< \left(k+1\right)\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\)

Ta thấy: \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}< k\sqrt{\frac{k+1}{2}}+\sqrt{k+1}\)

Mà: \(k\sqrt{\frac{k+1}{2}}+\sqrt{k+1}< \left(k+1\right)\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\)(*)

Thậy vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{k+1}\left(\frac{k}{\sqrt{2}}+1\right)< \left(k+1\right)\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\Leftrightarrow\frac{k}{\sqrt{2}}+1< \sqrt{k+1}\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{k+\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}}< \sqrt{k+1}\frac{\sqrt{k+2}}{\sqrt{2}}\Leftrightarrow k^2+2\sqrt{2k}+2< k^2+3k+2\)(luôn đúng)

Suy ra: \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}< \left(k+1\right)\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\)

hay \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...\sqrt{n}< n\sqrt{\frac{n+1}{2}}\)

Mình cảm ơn bạn ạ!!