a) Cách 1:

\(\begin{array}{l}(8 + 2\frac{1}{3} - \frac{3}{5}) - (5 + 0,4) - (3\frac{1}{3} - 2)\\ = (8 + \frac{7}{3} - \frac{3}{5}) - (5 + \frac{4}{{10}}) - (\frac{{10}}{3} - 2)\\ = 8 + \frac{7}{3} - \frac{3}{5} - 5 - \frac{2}{5} - \frac{{10}}{3} + 2\\ = (8 - 5 + 2) + (\frac{7}{3} - \frac{{10}}{3}) - (\frac{3}{5} + \frac{2}{5})\\ = 5 + \frac{{ - 3}}{3} - \frac{5}{5}\\ = 5 + ( - 1) - 1\\ = 3\end{array}\)

Cách 2:

\(\begin{array}{l}(8 + 2\frac{1}{3} - \frac{3}{5}) - (5 + 0,4) - (3\frac{1}{3} - 2)\\ = (8 + \frac{7}{3} - \frac{3}{5}) - (5 + \frac{4}{{10}}) - (\frac{{10}}{3} - 2)\\ = (\frac{{120}}{{15}} + \frac{{35}}{{15}} - \frac{9}{{15}}) - (\frac{{25}}{5} + \frac{2}{5}) - (\frac{{10}}{3} - \frac{6}{3})\\ = \frac{{146}}{{15}} - \frac{{27}}{5} - \frac{4}{3}\\ = \frac{{146}}{{15}} - \frac{{81}}{{15}} - \frac{{20}}{{15}}\\ = \frac{{45}}{{15}}\\ = 3\end{array}\)

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}(7 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{3}{4}):(5 - \frac{1}{4} - \frac{5}{8})\\ = (\frac{{28}}{4} - \frac{2}{4} - \frac{3}{4}):(\frac{{40}}{8} - \frac{2}{8} - \frac{5}{8})\\ = \frac{{23}}{4}:\frac{{33}}{8}\\ = \frac{{23}}{4}.\frac{8}{{33}}\\ = \frac{{46}}{{33}}\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}a)\left( {\frac{2}{3} + \frac{1}{6}} \right):\frac{5}{4} + \left( {\frac{1}{4} + \frac{3}{8}} \right):\frac{5}{2}\\ = \left( {\frac{4}{6} + \frac{1}{6}} \right).\frac{4}{5} + \left( {\frac{2}{8} + \frac{3}{8}} \right).\frac{2}{5}\\ = \frac{5}{6}.\frac{4}{5} + \frac{5}{8}.\frac{2}{5}\\ = \frac{2}{3} + \frac{1}{4}\\ = \frac{8}{{12}} + \frac{3}{{12}}\\ = \frac{{11}}{{12}}\\b)\frac{5}{9}:\left( {\frac{1}{{11}} - \frac{5}{{22}}} \right) + \frac{7}{4}.\left( {\frac{1}{{14}} - \frac{2}{7}} \right)\\ = \frac{5}{9}:\left( {\frac{2}{{22}} - \frac{5}{{22}}} \right) + \frac{7}{4}.\left( {\frac{1}{{14}} - \frac{4}{{14}}} \right)\\ = \frac{5}{9}:\frac{{ - 3}}{{22}} + \frac{7}{4}.\frac{{ - 3}}{{14}}\\ = \frac{5}{9}.\frac{{ - 22}}{3} + \frac{{ - 3}}{8}\\ = \frac{{ - 110}}{{27}} + \frac{{ - 3}}{8}\\ = \frac{{ - 880}}{{216}} + \frac{{ - 81}}{{216}}\\ = \frac{{ - 961}}{{216}}\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}a)A = (2 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{8}):(1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{3}{4})\\ = (\frac{{16}}{8} - \frac{4}{8} - \frac{1}{8}):(\frac{4}{4} - \frac{6}{4} - \frac{3}{4})\\ = \frac{{11}}{8}:\frac{{ - 5}}{4}\\ = \frac{{11}}{8}.\frac{4}{{ - 5}}\\ = \frac{{ - 11}}{{10}}\\b)B = 5 - \frac{{1 + \frac{1}{3}}}{{1 - \frac{1}{3}}}\\ = 5 - \frac{{\frac{3}{3} + \frac{1}{3}}}{{\frac{3}{3} - \frac{1}{3}}}\\ = 5 - \frac{{\frac{4}{3}}}{{\frac{2}{3}}}\\ = 5 - \frac{4}{3}:\frac{2}{3}\\ = 5 - \frac{4}{3}.\frac{3}{2}\\ = 5 - 2\\ = 3\end{array}\)

Chú ý:

Khi thực hiện phép cộng hai phân số, nếu phân số thu được chưa tối giản thì ta rút gọn thành phân số tối giản.

a) \(\frac{{ - 3}}{7}.\frac{2}{5} + \frac{2}{5}.\left( { - \frac{5}{{14}}} \right) - \frac{{18}}{{35}}\)

\(\begin{array}{l} = \frac{2}{5}.\left( {\frac{{ - 3}}{7} + \frac{{ - 5}}{{14}}} \right) - \frac{{18}}{{35}}\\ = \frac{2}{5}.\left( {\frac{{ - 6}}{{14}} + \frac{{ - 5}}{{14}}} \right) - \frac{{18}}{{35}}\\ = \frac{2}{5}.\frac{{ - 11}}{{14}} - \frac{{18}}{{35}} = \frac{{ - 11}}{{35}} - \frac{{18}}{{35}} =  \frac{{ -29}}{{35}}\end{array}\)

b) \(\left( {\frac{2}{3} - \frac{5}{{11}} + \frac{1}{4}} \right):\left( {1 + \frac{5}{{12}} - \frac{7}{{11}}} \right)\)

\(\begin{array}{l} = \left( {\frac{{2.11.4}}{{3.11.4}} - \frac{{5.3.4}}{{11.3.4}} + \frac{{1.3.11}}{{4.3.11}}} \right):\left( {\frac{11.12}{11.12} + \frac{{5.11}}{{12.11}} - \frac{{7.12}}{{11.12}}} \right)\\ = \left( {\frac{{88 - 60 + 33}}{{121}}} \right):\left( { \frac{{121+55 - 84}}{{121}}} \right)\\ = \frac{{61}}{{121}}:\frac{{92}}{{121}} = \frac{{61}}{{121}}.\frac{{121}}{{92}}= \frac{{61}}{{92}}\end{array}\)

c) \(\left( {13,6 - 37,8} \right).\left( { - 3,2} \right)\)

\( = \left( { - 24,2} \right).\left( { - 3,2} \right) = 77,44\)

d) \(\left( { - 25,4} \right).\left( {18,5 + 43,6 - 16,8} \right):12,7\)

\(\begin{array}{l} = \left( { - 25,4} \right).\left( {62,1 - 16,8} \right):12,7\\ = \left( { - 25,4} \right).45,3:12,7\\ = \left( { - 25,4} \right):12,7.45,3\\ =  (- 2).45,3 =  - 90,6\end{array}\)

a: \(=\dfrac{2}{5}\cdot\left(-\dfrac{3}{7}-\dfrac{5}{14}\right)-\dfrac{18}{35}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{5}\cdot\dfrac{-6-5}{14}-\dfrac{18}{35}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{5}\cdot\dfrac{-11}{14}-\dfrac{18}{35}=-\dfrac{22}{70}-\dfrac{18}{35}=\dfrac{-58}{70}=-\dfrac{29}{35}\)

b: \(=\dfrac{88-60+33}{132}:\dfrac{132+55-84}{132}\)

\(=\dfrac{61}{132}\cdot\dfrac{132}{103}=\dfrac{61}{103}\)

c: \(=-24.2\cdot\left(-3.2\right)=24.2\cdot3.2=77.44\)

d: \(=\dfrac{-25.4}{12.7}\cdot45.3=-2\cdot45.3=-90.6\)

a)

\(\begin{array}{l}A = \left( {2 + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{2}{5}} \right) - \left( {7 - \frac{3}{5} - \frac{4}{3}} \right) - \left( {\frac{1}{5} + \frac{5}{3} - 4} \right).\\A = \left( {\frac{{30}}{{15}} + \frac{5}{{15}} - \frac{6}{{15}}} \right) - \left( {\frac{{105}}{{15}} - \frac{9}{{15}} - \frac{{20}}{{15}}} \right) - \left( {\frac{3}{{15}} + \frac{{25}}{{15}} - \frac{{60}}{{15}}} \right)\\A = \frac{{29}}{{15}} - \frac{{76}}{{15}} - \left( {\frac{{ - 32}}{{15}}} \right)\\A = \frac{{29}}{{15}} - \frac{{76}}{{15}} + \frac{{32}}{{15}}\\A = \frac{{ - 15}}{{15}}\\A =  - 1\end{array}\)

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}A = \left( {2 + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{2}{5}} \right) - \left( {7 - \frac{3}{5} - \frac{4}{3}} \right) - \left( {\frac{1}{5} + \frac{5}{3} - 4} \right)\\A = 2 + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{2}{5} - 7 + \frac{3}{5} + \frac{4}{3} - \frac{1}{5} - \frac{5}{3} + 4\\A = \left( {2 - 7 + 4} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{3} + \frac{4}{3} - \frac{5}{3}} \right) + \left( { - \frac{2}{5} + \frac{3}{5} - \frac{1}{5}} \right)\\A =  - 1 + 0 + 0 =  - 1\end{array}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{7}}{\frac{3}{8}-\frac{3}{5}+\frac{3}{7}}+\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}}{\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{10}}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{7}}{3.\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{7}\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}}{\frac{3}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=1\)