Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a. A = 2x2 -11xy + 5y2 + x + 4y - 1
b B = x4 + 2x3y - 2x2y2 + 11xy3 - 6y4
phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử 2 ẩn :
a) 2x2+xy-y2-x+2y-1
b) 3x2-2xy-y2-10x-2y+3
c) 3x2y-xy2+xy-2y2-3x-9y+5
d) 2x2y2-3xy-2y2+y+1
e) 3x3-12xy2-5x2-4y2+x+1
a)2x^2+xy-y^2-x+2y-1
=2x^2+xy-x-(y-1)^2
=2x^2+x(y-1)-(y-1)^2
=2a^2+ab-b^2 với a=x,b=y-1
=2a^2+2ab-ab-b^2
=(2a-b)(a+b)
=(2x-y+1)(x+y-1)
Bài 1:phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a)x2-2x-4y2-4y e)x4+2x3+2x2+2x+1
b)x3+2x2+2x+1 f)x5+x4+x3+x2+x+1
c)x3-4x2+12x-27
d)a6-a4+2a3+2a2
Làm chi tiết giúp mình với ạ, cảm ơn
a) \(x^2-2x-4y^2-4y=\left(x^2-4y^2\right)-\left(2x+4y\right)=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)-2\left(x+2y\right)=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y-2\right)\)
b) \(x^3+2x^2+2x+1=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)+2x\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1+2x\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
c) \(x^3-4x^2+12x-27=x^3-3x^2-x^2+3x+9x-27=x^2\left(x-3\right)-x\left(x-3\right)+9\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-x+9\right)\)
d) \(a^6-a^4+2a^3+2a^2=a^2\left(a^4-a^2+2a+2\right)=a^2\left[a^2\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)+2\left(a+1\right)\right]=a^2\left(a+1\right)\left(a^3-a^2+2\right)=a^2\left(a+1\right)\left[a^3+a^2-2a^2+2\right]=a^2\left(a+1\right)\left[a^2\left(a+1\right)-2\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\right]=a^2\left(a+1\right)^2\left(a^2-2a+2\right)\)
a) Ta có: \(x^2-2x-4y^2-4y\)
\(=\left(x^2-4y^2\right)-\left(2x+4y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)-2\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y-2\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(x^3+2x^2+2x+1\)
\(=\left(x^3+1\right)+2x\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)+2x\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
d) Ta có: \(a^6-a^4+2a^3+2a^2\)
\(=a^2\left(a^4-a^2+2a+2\right)\)
\(=a^2\left[a^2\left(a^2-1\right)+\left(2a+2\right)\right]\)
\(=a^2\left[a^2\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)+2\left(a+1\right)\right]\)
\(=a^2\cdot\left(a+1\right)\left(a^3-a+2\right)\)
c) Ta có: \(x^3-4x^2+12x-27\)
\(=\left(x^3-27\right)-\left(4x^2-12x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x+9\right)-4x\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-x+9\right)\)
Toán vận dụng: phân tích đa thức: x4-y4+2x3y-2xy3 thành nhân tử (x+y).(x2-y2)
\(x^4-y^4+2x^3y-2xy^3\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)+2xy\left(x^2-y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+2xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)^3\)
\(x^4-y^4+2x^3y-2xy^3\\ =\left(x^2\right)^2-\left(y^2\right)^2+2xy\left(x^2-y^2\right)\\ =\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)+2xy\left(x^2-y^2\right)\\ =\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+2xy\right)\\ =\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y\right)^2\\ =\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)^3\)
Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử
a,x4+2x3+3x2+2x+1
b,x4-4x3+2x2+4x+1
c,x4+x3+2x2+2x+4
Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) x8 + x4 + 1
b) x12 - 3x6 - 1
c) 3x4 + 10x2 - 25
d) x2 - 5y2 - y4 + 2xy - 9
Lời giải:
a.
$x^8+x^4+1=(x^4)^2+2x^4+1-x^4$
$=(x^4+1)^2-(x^2)^2=(x^4+1-x^2)(x^4+1+x^2)$
$=(x^4+1-x^2)[(x^2+1)^2-x^2]$
$=(x^4-x^2+1)(x^2+1-x)(x^2+1+x)$
b.
$x^{12}-3x^6-1=(x^6-\frac{3}{2})^2-\frac{13}{4}$
$=(x^6-\frac{3}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{13}}{2})(x^6-\frac{3}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{13}}{2})$
c.
$3x^4+10x^2-25=(3x^4+15x^2)-(5x^2+25)$
$=3x^2(x^2+5)-5(x^2+5)=(x^2+5)(3x^2-5)$
$=(x^2+5)(\sqrt{3}x-\sqrt{5})(\sqrt{3}x+\sqrt{5})$
c.
$x^2-5y^2-y^4+2xy-9$
$=(x^2+2xy+y^2)-(y^4+6y^2+9)$
$=(x+y)^2-(y^2+3)^2$
$=(x+y+y^2+3)(x+y-y^2-3)$
\(a,x^8+x^4+1\\ =\left(x^8+2x^4+1\right)-x^4\\ =\left(x^4+1\right)^2-x^4\\ =\left(x^4-x^2+1\right)\left(x^4+x^2+1\right)\\ b,x^{12}-3x^6-1\\ =\left(x^{12}-2x^6+1\right)-x^6-2\\ =\left(x^6-1\right)^2-x^6-2\\ =\left(x^6-x^3-1\right)\left(x^6+x^3-1\right)-2???\\ c,3x^4+10x^2-25\\ =4x^4-\left(x^4-10x^2+25\right)\\ =4x^4-\left(x^2-5\right)^2\\ =\left(2x^2-x^2+5\right)\left(2x^2+x^2-5\right)\\ =\left(x^2+5\right)\left(3x^2-5\right)\\ d,x^2-5y^2-y^4+2xy-9\\ =\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-\left(y^4+6y^2+9\right)\\ =\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(y^2+3\right)^2\\ =\left(x+y+y^2+3\right)\left(x+y-y^2-3\right)\)
a) x8+x4+1 = (x4+1)2-x4 = (x4-x2+1)(x4+x2+1)
b) x12-3x6-1 = (x6-1)2-x6 = (x6-x3-1)(x6+x3-1)
c) 3x4+10x2-25 = 4x4-(x4-10x2+25) = 4x4- (x2-5)2 = (x2+5)(3x2-5)
d) x2-5y2-y4+2xy-9 = (x+y)2-(y2+3)2 = (x+y-y2-3)(x+y+y2+3)
1. Phân tích thành nhân tử
A) x4 + 2x3 + x2
B) x3 - x + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 - y
C) 5x2 - 10xy +5y2 - 20z2
2. Phân tích thành nhân tử
A) x2 + 5x -6
B) 5x2 + 5xy - x - y
C) 7x - 6x2 - 2
3.Phân tích thành nhân tử
A) x2 + 4 + 3
B) 2x2 + 3x -5
C) 16x - 5x2 - 3
4. Tìm x, bt
A) 5x ( x - 1 ) = x -1
B) 2( x + 5 ) -x2 - 5x = 0
Bài 2:
a: \(x^2+5x-6=\left(x+6\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
b: \(5x^2+5xy-x-y\)
\(=5x\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(5x-1\right)\)
c:\(-6x^2+7x-2\)
\(=-6x^2+3x+4x-2\)
\(=-3x\left(2x-1\right)+2\left(2x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)\left(-3x+2\right)\)
1.
a) \(=x^2\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=x^2\left(x+1\right)^2\)
b) \(=\left(x+y\right)^3-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-1\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x+y+1\right)\)
c) \(=5\left[\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-4z^2\right]=5\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-4z^2\right]\)
\(=5\left(x-y-2z\right)\left(x-y+2z\right)\)
2.
a) \(=x\left(x+2\right)+3\left(x+2\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
b) \(=5x\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(5x-1\right)\)
c) \(=-\left[3x\left(2x-1\right)-2\left(2x-1\right)\right]=-\left(2x-1\right)\left(3x-2\right)\)
3.
b) \(=2x\left(x-1\right)+5\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+5\right)\)
c) \(=-\left[5x\left(x-3\right)-1\left(x-3\right)\right]=-\left(x-3\right)\left(5x-1\right)\)
4.
a) \(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(5x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\Rightarrow2\left(x+5\right)-x\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+5\right)\left(2-x\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1: Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử:
a) x2y+xy+x+1
b) x2-(a+b)x+ab
c) ax2+ay-bx2-by
d) ax-2x-a2+2a
e) 2x2+4ax+x+2a
f) x3+ax2+x+a
g) x4+2x3-4x-4
a) x2y+xy+x+1= (x2y+xy)+(x+1)=xy(x+10+(x+1)=(x+1)(xy+1)
b) x2-(a+b)x+ab=x2-ax-bx+ab=(x2-ax)-(bx-ab)=x(x-a)-b(x-a)=(x-a)(x-b)
c) ax2+ay-bx2-by=(ax2+ay)-(bx2+by)=a(x2+y)-b(x2+y)=(a-b)(x2+y)
d) ax-2x-a2+2a=(ax-2x)-(a2-2a)=x(a-2)-a(a-2)=(a-2)(x-a)
e) 2x2+4ax+x+2a=(2x2+4ax)+(x+2a)=2x(x+2a)+(x+2a)=(x+2a)(2x+1)
f) x3+ax2+x+a=(x3+ax2)+(x+a)=x2(x+a)+(x+a)=(x2+1)(x+a)
g: Ta có: \(x^4+2x^3-4x-4\)
\(=\left(x^2-2\right)\left(x^2+2\right)-2x\left(x^2-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-2\right)\cdot\left(x^2+2x+2\right)\)
a) Tìm số nguyên âm x để đa thức:
f(x)= -x4+2x2-3x+5 chia hết cho g(x)= x-1
b) Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức:
B= x2+5y2-2xy+4x-4y-2020
\(a,f\left(x\right)⋮g\left(x\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-x^4+2x^2-3x+5}{x-1}\in Z\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-x^4+x^3-x^3+x^2+x^2-x-2x+2+3}{x-1}\in Z\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-x^3\left(x-1\right)-x^2\left(x-1\right)+x\left(x-1\right)-2\left(x-1\right)+3}{x-1}\in Z\\ \Leftrightarrow-x^3-x^2+x-2+\dfrac{3}{x-1}\in Z\\ \Leftrightarrow3⋮x-1\\ \Leftrightarrow x-1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-3;-1;1;3\right\}\\ \Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-2;0;2;4\right\}\\ Mà.x< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-2\\ b,B=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+4\left(x-y\right)+4+4y^2-2024\\ B=\left(x-y\right)^2+4\left(x-y\right)+4+4y^2-2024\\ B=\left(x-y-2\right)^2+4y^2-2024\ge-2024\\ B_{min}=-2024\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y+2\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử
a) x 2 + x y − 5 x − 5 y
b) 25 − x 2 − y 2 − 2 x y
c) x 4 + x 3 + 2 x 2 + x + 1
Bài 1: phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a)x2-y2-2x-2y e)x4-2x3+2x-1
b)x2(x+2y)-x-2y f)x4+x3+2x2+x+1
c)x3-4x2-9x+36 g)x2y+xy2+x2z+y2z+2xyz
d)x4+2x3+2x-1 h)3x3-3y2-2(x-y)2
Làm chi tiết giúp mình với ạ , cảm ơn
e) Ta có: \(x^4-2x^3+2x-1\)
\(=\left(x^4-1\right)-2x\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)-2x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(x-1\right)^3\)
h) Ta có: \(3x^2-3y^2-2\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=3\left(x^2-y^2\right)-2\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-2\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(3x+3y-2x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+5y\right)\)
a) Ta có: \(x^2-y^2-2x-2y\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-2\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-2\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(x^2\left(x+2y\right)-x-2y\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
c) Ta có: \(x^3-4x^2-9x+36\)
\(=x^2\left(x-4\right)-9\left(x-4\right)\)
\(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x^2-9\right)\)
\(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
d) Ta có: \(x^4+2x^3+2x-1\)
\(=\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)+2x\left(x^2+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+2x-1\right)\)