TA CÓ \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{p}{q}=\frac{am}{bm}=\frac{nc}{nd}=\frac{ep}{eq}\)

ÁP DỤNG TÍNH CHẤT DÃY TỈ SỐ BẰNG NHAU TA CÓ 

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{p}{q}=\frac{ma}{mb}=\frac{nc}{nd}=\frac{ep}{eq}=\frac{ma+nc+ep}{mb+nd+eq}\)(ĐPCM)

ADTC dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+a}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\cdot1=b\\b=c\cdot1=c\\c=a\cdot1=a\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c}\)

Cách 1:Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k;\Rightarrow a=bk,c=dk\Leftrightarrow\)

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{bk}{b}=k\left(1\right)\)

\(\frac{c}{d}=\frac{dk}{d}=k\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)

Cách 2:Đặt: a/b = c/d = k => a = bk, c = dk 

Ta có: 

a + b/a - b = bk + b/bk - b = b(k+1)/ b(k-1) = k+1/k-1 (1) 

c + d/c- d = dk +d/ dk - d = d(k+1)/d(k-1) = k+1/k-1 (2) 

Từ (1) và (2) => a+b/a-b = c+d/c-d 

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=d\\d=a\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\\ \Rightarrow VT=\left(\dfrac{2019a+2020a-2021a}{2019a+2020a-2021a}\right)^3=1^3=1=\dfrac{a^2}{a\cdot a}=VP\)

a/ Biến đổi tương đương:

\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Vậy BĐT được chứng minh

b/ \(VT=\frac{a-d}{b+d}+1+\frac{d-b}{b+c}+1+\frac{b-c}{a+c}+1+\frac{c-a}{a+d}+1-4\)

\(VT=\frac{a+b}{b+d}+\frac{c+d}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}+\frac{c+d}{a+d}-4\)

\(VT=\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+d}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+\left(c+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+d}\right)-4\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\left(a+b\right).\frac{4}{b+d+a+c}+\left(c+d\right).\frac{4}{b+c+a+d}-4\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)}\left(a+b+c+d\right)-4=4-4=0\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d\)