Ta có: \(a^2-ab+3b^2+1=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+ab+\left(b^2+1\right)+b^2\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+ab+\left(b^2+1\right)+b^2\ge ab+2b+b^2\)

\(=b\left(a+b+2\right)\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{b\left(a+b+2\right)}}\)(1)

Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+3c^2+1}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{c\left(b+c+2\right)}}\)(2); \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+3a^2+1}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{a\left(c+a+2\right)}}\)(3)

Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3) và sử dụng AM - GM kết hợp liên tục BĐT \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\), ta được:

\(P\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{b\left(a+b+2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c\left(b+c+2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a\left(c+a+2\right)}}\)

\(=\Sigma\frac{2}{\sqrt{4b\left(a+b+2\right)}}\)\(\le\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{a+b+2}\right)\)(AM - GM)

\(=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\text{​​}\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a+b+2}\right)\)

\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\text{​​}\Sigma\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\right]\)

\(\le\frac{3}{4}+\text{​​}\left[\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+\text{​​}\Sigma\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\right]\)

\(=\frac{3}{4}+\text{​​}\left[\frac{3}{8}+\text{​​}\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\right]\le\frac{3}{4}+\frac{3}{8}+\frac{3}{8}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1

Dòng thứ 10 sửa lại cho mình là \(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\Sigma\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\right]\)

Do olm có lỗi là mỗi lần bấm dấu ngoặc là số nó tự động nhảy ra ngoài

Cách khác

Ta đi chứng minh \(\sqrt{ab+3b^2+1}\ge\frac{a+5b+2}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow16\left(ab+3b^2+1\right)\ge\left(a+5b+2\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow13\left(a-b\right)^2+10\left(b-1\right)^2+2\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\)  ( luôn đúng )

Khi đó \(P\le\frac{4}{a+5b+2}+\frac{4}{b+5c+2}+\frac{4}{c+5a+2}\)

\(\le\frac{1}{a+b+2}+\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{b+c+2}+\frac{1}{4c}+\frac{1}{c+a+2}+\frac{1}{4a}\)

\(\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+6\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\le\frac{12}{16}+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra tại a=b=c=1

a: \(\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{1}{3}\) nên x=1/9

\(\sqrt{y}=1\) nên y=1

\(D=3\cdot\dfrac{1}{81}-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{9}\cdot1+1^2=\dfrac{1}{27}-\dfrac{2}{9}+1=\dfrac{22}{27}\)

b: a/b=1/3

nên b=3a

\(E=\dfrac{3a+2\cdot3a}{4a-3\cdot3a}=\dfrac{9a}{-5a}=\dfrac{-9}{5}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(\sqrt{a\left(3a+b\right)}+\sqrt{b\left(3b+a\right)}=\sqrt{a}\sqrt{3a+b}+\sqrt{b}\sqrt{3b+a}\)

\(\le\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(3a+b+3b+a\right)}=2\left(a+b\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{\sqrt{a\left(3a+b\right)}+\sqrt{b\left(3b+a\right)}}\ge\dfrac{a+b}{2\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b\)

Bài 1: Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

Lại có BĐT \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}=4\left(a+b=1\right)\)

Cộng theo vế 2 BĐT trên có:

\(P=a^2+b^2+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge4+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{9}{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)

Bài 2: Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(VT^2=\left(x-1\right)+\left(3-x\right)+2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(3-x\right)}\)

\(=2+2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(3-x\right)}\)

\(\le2+\left(x-1\right)+\left(3-x\right)=4\)

\(\Rightarrow VT^2\le4\Rightarrow VT\le2\left(1\right)\). Lại có:

\(VP=x^2-4x+4+2=\left(x-2\right)^2+2\ge2\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1);(2) xảy ra khi 

\(VT=VP=2\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+2=2\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=2\) (thỏa)

Vậy x=2 là nghiệm của pt

2. \(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{3-x}=x^2-4x+6\)

Điều kiện : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-1\ge0\\3-x\ge0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}1\le x\le3\left(1\right)\)

(Nháp nhé : dễ thấy phương trình có nghiệm \(x=2\) nên ta sẽ thêm bớt để có \(\left(x-2\right)\)là nhân tử chung )

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}-1+\sqrt{3-x}-1=x^2-4x+4\)

nhân liên hợp có :

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)}+\frac{\left(\sqrt{3-x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{3-x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3-x}+1\right)}=\left(x-2\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-2}{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)}+\frac{-\left(x-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3-x}+1\right)}=\left(x-2\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left[\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{3-x}+1\right)}-\left(x-2\right)\right]=0\)

a)

\(7\sqrt{12}+\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{27}-\sqrt{75}\)

\(=14\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}-5\sqrt{3}\)

\(=10\sqrt{3}\)

b)

\(\left(2\sqrt{20}+\sqrt{125}-3\sqrt{80}\right):5\)

\(=\left(4\sqrt{5}+5\sqrt{5}-12\sqrt{5}\right):5\)

\(=-3\sqrt{5}:5\)

\(=\frac{-3\sqrt{5}}{5}\)

c)

\(3\sqrt{12a}-5\sqrt{3a}+\sqrt{48a}\)

\(=6\sqrt{3a}-5\sqrt{3a}+4\sqrt{3a}\)

\(=5\sqrt{3a}\)

Bài 1:

a. \(\sqrt{\frac{25m^2}{49}}=\frac{\sqrt{25m^2}}{\sqrt{49}}=\frac{5m}{7}\)

b. \(\frac{\sqrt{192k}}{\sqrt{3k}}=\sqrt{\frac{192k}{3k}}=\sqrt{64}=8\)

Bài 2:

a. \(\frac{a+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}}=\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\sqrt{a}}=\sqrt{a}+1\)

b. \(\frac{\sqrt{a}-a}{\sqrt{a}-1}=\frac{\sqrt{a}-\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2}{\sqrt{a}-1}=\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)}{\sqrt{a}-1}=\frac{-\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}-1}=-\sqrt{a}\)

c. \(\frac{a-b}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}=\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\)

Câu a là căn 25m^2/49 nhé

1.