Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-2\)

\(=\frac{a^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2}{ab}-\frac{2ab}{ab}\)

\(=\frac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{ab}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}\ge0\) ( do a;b > 0 )

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :

\(a-b=0\Leftrightarrow a=b\)

Vậy ...

Áp dụng bđt AM-GM: \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{ab}}=2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a=b 

Không giảm tính tổng quát, giả sử a > b => a = b + m (m > 0)

Ta có \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}=\frac{b+m}{b}+\frac{b}{b+m}\)

                       \(=1+\frac{m}{b}+\frac{b}{b+m}\ge1+\frac{m}{b+m}+\frac{b}{b+m}=1+\frac{m+b}{b+m}=1+1=2\)

Vậy \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\) (dấu = xảy ra khi m = 0 <=> a = b)

ta có (a-b)²\(\ge\)0

a²+b²\(\ge\)2ab (1)

ta có \(\frac{a}{b} +\frac{b}{a}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\)

kết hợp với (1) ta có \(\frac{a}{b} +\frac{b}{a}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\) \(\ge\frac{2ab}{ab}=2\)

vậy \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\)

Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\) với a , b > 0 ta có :

\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{c}{d+a}=\frac{a\left(d+a\right)+c\left(b+c\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(d+a\right)}=\frac{ad+a^2+bc+c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(d+a\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(ad+a^2+bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\) ( 1 )

\(\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}=\frac{b\left(a+b\right)+d\left(c+d\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}=\frac{ab+b^2+cd+d^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(ab+b^2+cd+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\) ( 2 )

Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) cộng theo từng vế:

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

Cần chứng minh rằng \(\frac{\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow2ab+2bc+2cd+2ad+2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2d^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2ab+2ac+2ad+2bc+2cd+2bd\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\ge2ac+2bd\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2-2ac+c^2+b^2-2bd+d^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\left(đpcm\right)\)

Vậy \(\frac{ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{4\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge2\)

Vì \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

Vậy \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge2\)

Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki cho 2 bộ số \(\left(\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{b+c};\sqrt{b}.\sqrt{d+c};\sqrt{c}.\sqrt{d+a};\sqrt{d}.\sqrt{a+b}\right)\)

và \(\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b+c}};\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{d+c}};\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{d+a}};\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{a+b}}\right)\), ta được:

\(\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(d+c\right)+c\left(d+a\right)+d\left(a+b\right)\right]\)\(\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{d+c}+\frac{c}{a+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\right)\)\(\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{d+c}+\frac{c}{a+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ab+ac+bd+bc+cd+ac+ad+bd}\)(1)

Ta có \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc+bd+cd+ac+ad+bd\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)

Do đó: \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc+bd+cd+ac+ad+bd\right)\)(2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra ĐPCM

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c=d

Áp dụng BĐT : \(\frac{1}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)với x,y > 0

Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{c}{d+a}=\frac{a^2+ad+bc+c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+d\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(a^2+ad+bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

Tương tự : \(\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(b^2+ab+cd+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

Cần chứng minh : \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd\right)\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = c ; b = d

Vậy ....

Ta có: \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{xy}\)

Lại có: \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{d}{a+b}\)

\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ab+bc+bc+bd+ca+cd+da+db}\)

Ta chứng minh: \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc+bd+ca+cd+da+db\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)^2+2\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)+\left(b+d\right)^2\ge2\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)+4ac+4bd\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2\ge4ac+4bd\)(đúng)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge2\left(đpcm\right)\)

Dấu " =  "xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d\)

Theo BĐT AM-GM :

\(\sqrt{b}=\sqrt{b\cdot1}\le\frac{b+1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\sqrt{b}}\ge\frac{a}{\frac{b+1}{2}}=\frac{2a}{b+1}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=1\)

+ Tương tự ta cm đc :

\(\frac{b}{\sqrt{c}}\ge\frac{2b}{c+1}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow c=1\)

\(\frac{c}{\sqrt{a}}\ge\frac{2c}{a+1}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=1\)

Do đó : \(\frac{a}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{c}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{a}}\ge2\left(\frac{a}{b+1}+\frac{b}{c+}+\frac{c}{a+1}\right)\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

Giả sử \(a\ge b\) suy ra a = b + m (m \(\ge\) 0).

Ta có \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}=\frac{b+m}{b}+\frac{b}{b+m}\)

\(=\frac{b}{b}+\frac{m}{b}+\frac{b}{b+m}=1+\frac{m}{b}+\frac{b}{b+m}\ge1+\frac{m}{b+m}+\frac{b}{b+m}=1+\frac{m+b}{b+m}\)

\(=1+1=2\)

Vậy \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\) (dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) m = 0 \(\Leftrightarrow\) a = b)

   1 đ-ú-n-g nha, nghĩ mãi mới ra đó !

Ta có:

\(\frac{a}{b}>0\Rightarrow a,b\ne0\)

Giả sử: \(a\ge b\)Đặt: \(a=b+m\left(m\in N\right)\Rightarrow\frac{b+m}{b}+\frac{b}{b+m}=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\)

\(=1+\frac{m}{b}+1-\frac{m}{b+m}=2+\frac{m}{b}-\frac{m}{b+m}\) Vì: \(b\le b+m\Rightarrow\frac{m}{b}\ge\frac{m}{b+m}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\left(ĐPCM\right)\)

Cách lớp 7 nha!

Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}=t\left(t>0\right)\).Ta cần c/m \(t^2+\frac{1}{t^2}\ge2\)

Thật vậy,\(\left(t-\frac{1}{t}\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow t^2-2+\frac{1}{t^2}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t^2+\frac{1}{t^2}\ge2^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(t=\frac{1}{t}\Leftrightarrow t=1\Leftrightarrow a=b\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho các cặp số dương, ta có: \(VT=\Sigma\frac{a}{\sqrt{b^3+1}}=\Sigma\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}}\)

\(\ge\Sigma\frac{a}{\frac{\left(b+1\right)+\left(b^2-b+1\right)}{2}}=\Sigma\frac{2a}{b^2+2}=\Sigma\left(a-\frac{ab^2}{b^2+2}\right)\)

\(=\Sigma\left(a-\frac{2ab^2}{b^2+b^2+4}\right)\ge\Sigma\left(a-\frac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{4b^4}}\right)\)\(=\Sigma\left[a-\frac{a\sqrt[3]{2b^2}}{3}\right]=\Sigma\left[a-\frac{a\sqrt[3]{2.b.b}}{3}\right]\)

\(\ge\Sigma\left[a-\frac{a\left(2+b+b\right)}{9}\right]\)\(=\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}-\frac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)

\(=\frac{7\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}-\frac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)\(\ge\frac{7\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}-\frac{2.\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{9}=2\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 2

(Đề lừa người quá!)

\(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab=ab+bc+ca+c^2=\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\).

Biến đổi tương tự các tử số ta được BĐT: \(\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{a+b}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{c+a}\ge2\).

Đặt \(x=a+b,y=b+c,z=c+a\). Ta có \(x+y+z=2\)

Ta cần CM: \(\frac{xy}{z}+\frac{yz}{x}+\frac{zx}{y}\ge2\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\ge2xyz\)

Áp dụng BĐT \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\) ta có \(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\ge xyz\left(x+y+z\right)=2xyz\)

Bài toán được chứng minh.

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