a) Gọi công thức chung của 2 kim loại là R

PTHH: \(R+H_2O\rightarrow ROH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_R=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\overline{M}_R=\dfrac{3,26}{0,1}=32,6\)

Ta thấy \(23< 32,6< 39\) \(\Rightarrow\) 2 kim loại cần tìm là Natri và Kali

b) PTHH: \(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)

                    a_____________a______\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)a    (mol)

                \(K+H_2O\rightarrow KOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)

                  b____________b______\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)b      (mol)

Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}23a+39b=3,26\\\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{1}{2}b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,04\cdot23}{3,26}\cdot100\%\approx28,22\%\\\%m_K=71,78\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) PT ion: \(OH^-+H^+\rightarrow H_2O\)

                   0,1____0,1

Ta có: \(n_{H^+}=n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot36,5}{5\%}=73\left(g\right)\)

n Al = a(mol) ; n Fe = b(mol)

=> 27a + 56b = 20,65(1)

2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2

a...........1,5a............0,5a............1.5a..(mol)

Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2

b...........b..............b............b......(mol)

=> n H2 = 1,5a + b = 0,725(2)

Từ 1,2 suy ra a = 0,35 ; b = 0,2

Suy ra :

%m Al = 0,35.27/20,65  .100% = 45,76%
%m Fe = 100% -45,76% = 54,24%

m H2SO4 = (1,5a + b).98 = 71,05 gam

m muối = m kim loại + m H2SO4 -m H2 = 20,65 + 71,05 -0,725.2 = 90,25 gam

a, \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)

 \(2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\)

b, Ta có: \(n_K=\dfrac{3,9}{39}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_K=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,1.23}{0,1.23+3,9}.100\%\approx37,1\%\\\%m_K\approx62,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a)

\(n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)\\ n_{Mg} = a\ mol; n_{Fe} = b\ mol\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2 \)

Theo PTHH, ta có: 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=5,2\\a+b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\)

Suy ra: 

\(\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{5,2}.100\% = 46,15\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 46,15\% = 53,85\% \)

b)

\(n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,15.2 = 0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,3}{1} = 0,3(lít) \)

Đặt : 

nMg = a mol 

nFe= b mol 

mhh = 24a + 56b = 5.2 (g) (1) 

Mg + 2HCl => MgCl2 + H2

Fe + 2HCl => FeCl2 + H2 

nH2 = a + b = 0.15 (2) 

(1) , (2) 

a = 0.1

b = 0.05

%Mg = 2.4/5.2 * 100% = 46.15%

%Fe = 100 - 46.15 = 53.85%

nHCl = 2a + 2b = 0.05 * 2 + 0.1*2 = 0.3 (mol) 

VddHCl = 0.3/1=0.3 (l) 

PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (1)

            \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (2)

a) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)

Gọi số mol của Mg là b \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=5,2\\a+b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,05\cdot56=2,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,1\cdot24=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{5,2}\cdot100\%\approx53,85\%\\\%m_{Mg}=46,15\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Fe}=0,1mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{Mg}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,3mol\) \(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{1}=0,3\left(l\right)=300\left(ml\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

_____0,15<--------------------0,15

=> m_Fe = 0,15.56 = 8,4(g)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Fe=\dfrac{8,4}{24,4}.100\%=34,426\%\\\%Fe_2O_3=100\%-34,426\%=65,574\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, Ta có: 27n_Al + 56n_Fe = 22 (1)

PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{19,832}{24,79}=0,8\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{22}.100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,6}{0,5}=3,2\left(M\right)\)