áp dụng BĐT 1/x+1/y>=4/x+y ấy

Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)với mọi x,y>0 

Ta có:      \(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}\ge\frac{4}{2p-a-b}=\frac{4}{c}\)

Tương tự \(\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge\frac{4}{a}\)

               \(\frac{1}{p-c}+\frac{1}{p-a}\ge\frac{4}{b}\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\right)\ge4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

                                  Lời giải

Theo đề bài thì \(p=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\Rightarrow p-a=\frac{a+b+c}{2}-a=\frac{b+c-a}{2}\)

Tương tự: \(p-b=\frac{c+a-b}{2};p-c=\frac{a+b-c}{2}\)

Ta cần c/m: \(\frac{2}{b+c-a}+\frac{2}{c+a-b}+\frac{2}{a+b-c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

Ta có: \(VT=\left(\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{c+a-b}+\frac{1}{a+b-c}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}\right)\)

\(\ge\frac{4}{2c}+\frac{4}{2a}+\frac{4}{2b}=2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)

Ta có:\(p-a=\frac{a+b+c}{2}-a=\frac{b+c-a}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{p-a}=\frac{2}{b+c-a}\)

Tương tự ta có:

\(\frac{1}{p-b}=\frac{2}{a+c-b}\)

\(\frac{1}{p-c}=\frac{2}{a+b-c}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}=2\left(\frac{1}{a+c-b}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{a+b-c}\right)\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng engel ta có:

\(\frac{1}{b+c-a}=\frac{\left(1+1-1\right)^2}{b+c-a}\ge\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a}\)

Tương tự,ta có:

\(\frac{1}{a+b-c}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{c}\)

\(\frac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{b}\)

Cộng vế theo vế ta được:

\(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^{đpcm}\)

Do p là nửa chu vi tam giác nên \(2p=a+b+c\)

Ta có bổ đề sau: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2\ge4xy\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)

Áp dụng vào bài toán: 

\(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}\ge\frac{4}{p-a+p-b}=\frac{4}{2p-a-b}=\frac{4}{c}\)

Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge\frac{4}{a},\)\(\frac{1}{p-c}+\frac{1}{p-a}\ge\frac{4}{b}\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\right)\ge\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{4}{c}=4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)(đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c.

a) Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\) ta có: 

\(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}\ge\frac{4}{2p-a-b}=\frac{4}{a+b+c-a-b}=\frac{4}{c}\left(p=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\right)\)

Tương tự rồi cộng theo vế:

\(2VT\ge\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{4}{c}=2VP\Leftrightarrow VT\ge VP\)

Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c\)

b)sai đề

Áp dungj BĐt Cauchy - Schwarz :
\(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}\ge\frac{4}{2p-a-b}=\frac{4}{c}\)

\(\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge\frac{4}{2p-b-c}=\frac{4}{a}\)

\(\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge\frac{4}{2p-b-c}=\frac{4}{a}\)

Cộng theo vế và thu gọn ta được :
\(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)

Ta có : đpcm

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Ta có

\(P=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\Rightarrow2p=a+b+c\)

áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz ta có

\(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}\ge\frac{4}{p-a+p-b}=\frac{4}{2p-a-b}=\frac{4}{a+b+c-a-b}=\frac{4}{c}\left(1\right)\)

C/m tương tự ta có

\(\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge\frac{4}{a}\left(2\right)\)

\(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge\frac{4}{b}\left(3\right)\)

Cộng vế theo vế (1) (2) và (3)   => đpcm