a) \(A=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}-\dfrac{1}{a-\sqrt{a}}\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+1}+\dfrac{2}{a-1}\right)\)

\(A=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\right]:\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+1}+\dfrac{2}{a-1}\right)\)

\(A=\left[\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\right]:\left[\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+1}+\dfrac{2}{a-1}\right]\)

\(A=\dfrac{a-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}:\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}+\dfrac{2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\right]\)

\(A=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}:\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1+2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)

\(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}}:\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)

\(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}}\cdot\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\)

\(A=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}}\)

\(A=\dfrac{a-1}{\sqrt{a}}\)

b) Ta có:

\(a=4+2\sqrt{3}=\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2+2\sqrt{3}\cdot1+1^2=\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2\)

Thay vào A ta có:

\(A=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2-1}{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}=\dfrac{4+2\sqrt{3}-1}{\sqrt{3}+1}=\dfrac{3+2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}+1}\) 

c) \(A< 0\) khi:

\(\dfrac{a-1}{\sqrt{a}}< 0\)

Mà: \(\sqrt{a}\ge0\forall x\) (xác định) 

\(\Leftrightarrow a-1< 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a< 1\)

Kết hợp với đk:

\(0< a< 1\)

a) Ta có: \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{1-\sqrt{a}}-\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{a}}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+1\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}-\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{a}\right)}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}-1+\sqrt{a}}{\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{a}\right)}\cdot\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{1-\sqrt{a}}\)

b) Để \(P^2=P\) nên \(P^2-P=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\left(P-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P-1=0\)(Vì \(P\ne0\forall a\) thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ)

\(\Leftrightarrow P=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{1-\sqrt{a}}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-\sqrt{a}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}=-1\)(Vô lý)

Vậy: Không có giá trị nào của P để \(P^2=P\)

\(a,A=\left(\dfrac{1}{a+\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+1}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1}{a-2\sqrt{a}+1}\left(dk:a>0,a\ne1\right)\\ =\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+1}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2}\\ =\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}-1}\\ =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}.\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1}{1}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}}\)

\(b,A=-2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}}=-2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1+2\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}}=0\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{a}=1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow a=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(tmdk\right)\)

Vậy \(a=\dfrac{1}{9}\) thì \(A=-2\)

a. \(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}=\sqrt{a}\)

b. \(=\dfrac{1-\left(2\sqrt{a}\right)^3}{1-2\sqrt{a}}=\dfrac{\left(1-2\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1+2\sqrt{a}+4a\right)}{1-2\sqrt{a}}=1+2\sqrt{a}+4a\)

c. \(=\dfrac{1-\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2}{1+\sqrt{a}}=\dfrac{\left(1+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)}{1+\sqrt{a}}=1-\sqrt{a}\)

d. \(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-3\right)}{\sqrt{a}-3}=\sqrt{a}\)

a: \(P=\dfrac{a-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-1}{1}=\sqrt{a}-1\)

b: Để P<0 thì căn a-1<0

=>căn a<1

=>0<a<1

\(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{a-\sqrt{a}}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{a-1}\left(a>0;a\ne1\right)\)

\(a,P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{a-\sqrt{a}}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{a-1}\)

\(=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\right]:\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{a-1}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{a-1}\)

\(=1:\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{a-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}+1}\)

\(=\sqrt{a}-1\)

\(b,P< 0\Rightarrow\sqrt{a}-1< 0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}< 1\Leftrightarrow a< 1\)

Kết hợp điều kiện \(a>0;a\ne1\)

\(\Rightarrow0< a< 1\)

\(A=\dfrac{2-\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{a}-3}{2\sqrt{a}+1}=-1\)

\(B=\dfrac{1}{1-\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}}-\dfrac{1}{1-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}-1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{2-\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}-2+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}{5-2\sqrt{6}-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}}{4-2\sqrt{6}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}=-\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\)

Câu 2: 

Ta có: \(M=\left(\dfrac{a+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+1}+1\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a-\sqrt{a}}{1-\sqrt{a}}\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\sqrt{a}+1}+1\right)\left(1-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)

\(=\left(1+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)\)

\(=1-a\)

Câu 1: 

Ta có: \(A=\left(\dfrac{1-a\sqrt{a}}{1-\sqrt{a}}+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt{a}}{1-a}\right)^2\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{a}+a\right)}{1-\sqrt{a}}+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+1}\right)^2\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)^2\cdot\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)^2}\)

\(=1\)

\(a,M=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}:\dfrac{a-1-a+4}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}\\ M=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}{3}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-2}{3\sqrt{a}}\\ b,M< \dfrac{1}{6}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-2}{3\sqrt{a}}-\dfrac{1}{6}< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\sqrt{a}-4-\sqrt{a}}{6\sqrt{a}}< 0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-4}{6\sqrt{a}}< 0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}-4< 0\left(6\sqrt{a}>0\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow a< 16\\ \Leftrightarrow0< a< 16\left(kết.hợp.ĐKXĐ\right)\)