a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{12,15}{27}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,45}{4}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\)=> Al dư, O₂ hết

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

            0,4<--0,3-------->0,2

=> \(m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,45-0,4\right).27=1,35\left(g\right)\)

b) \(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,2.102=20,4\left(g\right)\)

a)

\(n_{Al} = \dfrac{12,15}{27} = 0,45(mol)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ \dfrac{n_{Al}}{4} = 0,1125 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{3} = 0,1\)

Do đó, Al dư.

\(n_{Al\ pư} = \dfrac{4}{3}n_{O_2} = 0,4(mol)\\ m_{Al\ dư} = (0,45-0,4).27 =1,35(gam)\)

b) Nhôm oxit được tạo thành.

\(n_{Al_2O_3} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3} = 0,2.102 = 20,4(gam)\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

a, \(PTHH:4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)

=> Sau phản ứng O2 hết, Al dư ( dư 0,05 mol )

=> \(m_{Aldu}=n.M=1,35\left(g\right)\)

b, Chất được tạo thành là Al₂O₃ .

Theo PTHH : \(n_{Al_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=n.M=20,4\left(g\right)\)

Vậy ...

\(a,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Theo.PTHH:n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=n.M=0,2.102=20,4\left(g\right)\)

\(b,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{\left(đktc\right)}}{22,4}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ Lập.tỉ.lệ:\dfrac{n_{Al}}{4}>\dfrac{n_{O_2}}{3}\Rightarrow Al.dư\\ Theo.PTHH:n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{4}{3}.n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4}{3}.0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=n_{Al\left(bđ\right)}-n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=0,4-0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Theo.PTHH:n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=n.M=0,1=102=10,2\left(g\right)\)

nP = 6.2/31 = 0.2 (mol) 

nO2 = 6.72/22.4 = 0.3 (mol) 

4P + 5O2 -to-> 2P2O5 

0.2___0.25_____0.1

mO2 dư = ( 0.3 - 0.25) * 32 = 1.6(g) 

mP2O5 = 0.1*142 = 14.2 (g) 

Ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{6.2}{31}=0.29mol\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3mol\)

PTHH:

\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)

ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{n_{P\left(bra\right)}}{nP_{\left(pthh\right)}}=\dfrac{0.2}{4}=0.05\\\dfrac{n_{O_2\left(bra\right)}}{n_{O_2}\left(pthh\right)}=\dfrac{0.3}{5}=0.06\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(O_2\) dư 

\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)

4   ----------->2                

0.2---------->0.1=n_P2O5

=>\(m_{P_2O_5}=142.0.1=14.2\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{12.6}{56}=0.225\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4.2}{22.4}=0.1875\left(mol\right)\)

\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe_3O_4\)

\(3.........2\)

\(0.225......0.1875\)

Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0.225}{3}< \dfrac{0.1875}{2}\Rightarrow O_2dư\)

\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.1875-0.225\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\cdot32=1.2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{0.225}{3}\cdot232=17.4\left(g\right)\)

\(a)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\\ 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5\\ \dfrac{n_P}{4} = 0,05 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{5} = 0,06\)

Do đó, Oxi dư.

\(n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{5}{4}n_P = 0,25(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,3 - 0,25).32 = 1,6(gam)\\ b)\\ n_{P_2O_5} = \dfrac{n_P}{2} = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5} = 0,1.142 = 14,2(gam)\)

\(a) n_P = \dfrac{6,2}{31} = 0,2(mol) ;n_{O_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\\ 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5\\ \dfrac{n_P}{4} = 0,05< \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{5} = 0,06 \to O_2\ dư\\ n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{5}{4}n_P = 0,25(mol)\\ m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,3 -0,25).32 = 1,6(gam)\\ b) n_{P_2O_5} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_P = 0,1(mol) \Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5} = 0,1.142 = 14,2(gam)\)