Bài 1:

Ta có: \(x+\left(-\frac{31}{12}\right)^2=\left(\frac{49}{12}\right)^2-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x=\frac{1440}{144}=10\)

\(\Rightarrow x=5\)

Khi đó: \(y^2=\left(\frac{49}{12}\right)^2-5=\frac{1681}{144}\)

=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}y=\frac{41}{12}\\y=-\frac{41}{12}\end{cases}}\)

a, (3x+1)³=-27                    b, (1/2.2^x+4.2^x ) = 9.25

=> ( 3x+1)³=(-3)³                    => [ 2^x.(1/2+4 ) ]=9.25                                c, ( 3x-2)⁵= - 243

=> 3x+1=-3                       => 2^x.9/2 = 225                                           => ( 3x-2)⁵=(-3)⁵

=>3x=-4                            => 2^x        = 225:9/2                                     => 3x-2=-3

=>  x = -4/3                       => 2^x       = 50 (ko có trường hợp nào )         => 3x= -1

                                                                                                            => x=-1/3

a)\(\left(-3\right)^{x+3}=-\frac{1}{27}\)

\(\left(-3\right)^{x+3}=\left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^3\)

\(\left(-3\right)^{x+3}=\left(-\frac{3^0}{3^1}\right)^3\)

\(\left(-3\right)^{x+3}=\left(-3^{-1}\right)^3\)

\(\left(-3\right)^{x+3}=\left(-3\right)^{-3}\)

\(\Rightarrow x+3=-3\)

\(\Rightarrow x=-6\)

b)\(\left(-6\right)^{2x+2}=\frac{1}{36}\)

\(\left(-6\right)^{2x+2}=\left(-\frac{1}{6}\right)^2\)

\(\left(-6\right)^{2x+2}=\left(-\frac{6^0}{6^1}\right)^2\)

\(\left(-6\right)^{2x+2}=\left(-6^{-1}\right)^2\)

\(\left(-6\right)^{2x+2}=\left(-6\right)^{-2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2x+2=-2\)

\(\Rightarrow2x=-4\)

\(\Rightarrow x=-2\)

c)\(\left(-3\right)^{x+5}=\frac{1}{81}\)

\(\left(-3\right)^{x+5}=\left(-\frac{1}{3}\right)^4\)

\(\left(-3\right)^{x+5}=\left(-\frac{3^0}{3^1}\right)^4\)

\(\left(-3\right)^{x+5}=\left(-3^{-1}\right)^4\)

\(\left(-3\right)^{x+5}=\left(-3\right)^{-4}\)

\(\Rightarrow x+5=-4\)

\(\Rightarrow x=-9\)

d)\(\left(\frac{1}{9}\right)^x=\left(\frac{1}{27}\right)^6\)

\(\left[\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2\right]^x=\left[\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^3\right]^6\)

\(\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{2x}=\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{18}\)

\(\Rightarrow2x=18\)

\(\Rightarrow x=9\)

e)\(\left(\frac{4}{9}\right)^x=\left(\frac{8}{27}\right)^6\)

\(\left[\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^2\right]^x=\left[\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^3\right]^6\)

\(\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{2x}=\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{18}\)

\(\Rightarrow2x=18\)

\(\Rightarrow x=9\)

f)\(5^{x+4}-3\cdot5^{x+3}=2\cdot5^{11}\)

\(5^{x+3}\cdot5-3\cdot5^{x+3}=2\cdot5^{11}\)

\(5^{x+3}\left(5-3\right)=2\cdot5^{11}\)

\(5^{x+3}\cdot2=2\cdot5^{11}\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{x+3}=5^{11}\)

\(\Rightarrow x+3=11\)

\(\Rightarrow x=8\)

r)\(4\cdot3^{x-1}+2\cdot3^{x+2}=4\cdot3^6+2\cdot3^9\)

\(4\cdot3^x:3+2\cdot3^x\cdot9=4.3^7:3+2\cdot3^7\cdot9\)

\(3^x\left(4:3+2\cdot9\right)=3^7\left(4:3+2\cdot9\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow3^x=3^7\)

\(\Rightarrow x=7\)

\(\left(x+\frac{1}{5}\right)^2+\frac{17}{25}=\frac{26}{25}\\ \left(x+\frac{1}{5}\right)^2=\frac{26}{25}-\frac{17}{25}\\ \left(x+\frac{1}{5}\right)^2=\frac{9}{25}\\ \left|\left(x+\frac{1}{5}\right)\right|=\frac{3}{5}\)

 TH1:   \(x=\frac{3}{5}-\frac{1}{5}\\ x=\frac{2}{5}\)

TH2: \(\left|\left(x+\frac{1}{5}\right)\right|=-\frac{3}{5}\\ x=-\frac{3}{5}-\frac{1}{5}\\ x=-\frac{4}{5}\)

\(a,\left(x+\frac{1}{5}\right)^2+\frac{17}{25}=\frac{26}{25}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{5}\right)^2=\frac{9}{25}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{5}\right)^2=\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{5}=\frac{3}{5}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{2}{5}\)

\(b,-1\frac{5}{27}-\left(3x-\frac{7}{9}\right)^3=-\frac{24}{27}\)

\(\Rightarrow-\frac{32}{27}-\left(3x-\frac{7}{9}\right)^3=-\frac{24}{27}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(3x-\frac{7}{9}\right)^3=-\frac{32}{27}+\frac{24}{27}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(3x-\frac{7}{9}\right)^3=-\frac{8}{27}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(3x-\frac{7}{9}\right)^3=\left(-\frac{2}{3}\right)^3\)

\(\Rightarrow3x-\frac{7}{9}=-\frac{2}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow3x=-\frac{2}{3}+\frac{7}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow3x=\frac{1}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{27}\)

\(c,\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\frac{2}{3}-2x\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x+\frac{1}{2}=0\\\frac{2}{3}-2x=0\end{array}\right.\)  \(\Rightarrow\)  \(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=-\frac{1}{2}\\2x=\frac{2}{3}\end{array}\right.\)  \(\Rightarrow\)  \(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=-\frac{1}{2}\\x=\frac{1}{3}\end{array}\right.\)

Bổ sung câu a: \(\Rightarrow\) \(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}\left(x+\frac{1}{5}\right)^2=\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^2\\\left(x+\frac{1}{5}\right)^2=\left(-\frac{3}{5}\right)^2\end{array}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\) \(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x+\frac{1}{5}=\frac{3}{5}\\x+\frac{1}{5}=-\frac{3}{5}\end{array}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\)  \(\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=\frac{2}{5}\\x=-\frac{4}{5}\end{array}\right.\)

a)

\(\begin{array}{l}x.\frac{{14}}{{27}} = \frac{{ - 7}}{9}\\x = \frac{{ - 7}}{9}:\frac{{14}}{{27}}\\x = \frac{{ - 7}}{9}.\frac{{27}}{{14}}\\x = \frac{{ - 3}}{2}\end{array}\)                

Vậy \(x = \frac{{ - 3}}{2}\).

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}\left( {\frac{{ - 5}}{9}} \right):x = \frac{2}{3}\\x = \left( {\frac{{ - 5}}{9}} \right):\frac{2}{3}\\x = \left( {\frac{{ - 5}}{9}} \right).\frac{3}{2}\\x = \frac{{ - 5}}{6}\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = \frac{{ - 5}}{6}\).

c)

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{2}{5}:x = \frac{1}{{16}}:0,125\\\frac{2}{5}:x = \frac{1}{{16}}:\frac{1}{8}\\\frac{2}{5}:x = \frac{1}{{16}}.8\\\frac{2}{5}:x = \frac{1}{2}\\x = \frac{2}{5}:\frac{1}{2}\\x = \frac{2}{5}.2\\x = \frac{4}{5}\end{array}\)      

Vậy \(x = \frac{4}{5}\)

d)

\(\begin{array}{l} - \frac{5}{{12}}x = \frac{2}{3} - \frac{1}{2}\\ - \frac{5}{{12}}x = \frac{4}{6} - \frac{3}{6}\\ - \frac{5}{{12}}x = \frac{1}{6}\\x = \frac{1}{6}:\left( { - \frac{5}{{12}}} \right)\\x = \frac{1}{6}.\frac{{ - 12}}{5}\\x = \frac{{ - 2}}{5}\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = \frac{{ - 2}}{5}\).

Chú ý: Khi trình bày lời giải bài tìm x, sau khi tính xong, ta phải kết luận.