a) Cách pha loãng H₂SO₄ đặc : muốn pha loãng H₂SO₄ đặc ta đổ từ từ H₂SO₄ đặc vào nước (tránh làm ngược lại) 

b) 200ml = 0,2l

\(n_{H2SO4}=1.0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O|\)

             2                1                1             2

           0,4              0,2

\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{16.100}{8}=200\left(g\right)\)

Bài 13 : 

\(a)n_{Fe_2O_3} = \dfrac{9,6}{160} = 0,06(mol)\\ Fe_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2FeCl_3 + 3H_2O\\ n_{HCl} = 6n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,36(mol)\\ C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,36.36,5}{150}.100\% = 8,76\%\\ \Rightarrow X = 8,76 b) n_{FeCl_3} = 2n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,12(mol)\\ m_{FeCl_3} = 0,12.162,5 =19,5(gam)\)

Bài 11 : 

\(a) n_{NaOH} = 0,2.1,5 = 0,3(mol)\\ 2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH} = 0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow x = \dfrac{0,15}{0,12}= 1,25(M)\\ b) n_{Na_2SO_4} = n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,15(mol)\\ m_{Na_2SO_4} = 0,15.142 = 21,3(gam)\)

Bài 12 : 

\(a)n_{Al} = \dfrac{16,2}{27} = 0,6(mol)\\ 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,9(mol)\\ \Rightarrow X = \dfrac{0,9}{0,2} =4,5(M)\\ b) V_{H_2} = 0,9.22,4 = 20,16(lít)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0,2.4=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4.98=39,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{50}.100\%=78,4\%\)

Bài 9 : 

\(a) n_{Fe_2O_3} = \dfrac{3,2}{160}=0,02(mol)\\ Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2SO_4 \to Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4} = 3n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,06(mol)\\ m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,06.98}{19,6\%} = 30(gam)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } Fe_2(SO_4)_3\\ n_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,02(mol)\\ m_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,02.400 =8(gam)\)

Bài 8 : 

\(n_{Al_2O_3} = \dfrac{2,04}{102} = 0,02(mol)\\ Al_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O\\ n_{HCl} = 6n_{Al_2O_3} = 0,02.6 = 0,12(mol)\\ C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,12}{0,2} =0,6M\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1.0,2=0,2(mol)\\ PTHH:2NaOH+H_2SO_4\to Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ a,n_{NaOH}=0,4(mol);n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,2.142=28,4(g)\\ m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,4.40}{20\%}=80(g) \end{cases}\\ b,2KOH+H_2SO_4\to K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{KOH}=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0,4.56}{5,6\%}=400(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{KOH}}=\dfrac{400}{1,045}=382,78(ml)\)

Bước 1: nH2SO4 = VH2SO4 . CM H2SO4= 0,2 . 1 = 0,2mol

Bước 2:

PTHH:       2NaOH    +    H2SO4 →  Na2SO4 + H2O

                     2 mol             1 mol     

                    ? mol               0,2mol

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: 

\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)

0,1<------0,1

\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

0,2<--------0,1

\(\Rightarrow V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,2+0,1}{1}=0,3\left(l\right)\)

1. \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(98\%\right)}=\dfrac{30.1,84.98\%}{98}=0,552\left(mol\right)\)

=>\(V_{H_2SO_4\left(1M\right)}=\dfrac{0,552}{1}=0,552\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 

`NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H_2O`

`2NaOH + H_2SO_4 -> Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O`

Theo PT: `n_{NaOH} = 2n_{H_2SO_4} + n_{HCl} = 0,3 (mol)`

`=> V_{ddNaOH} = (0,3)/(1) = 0,3(l)`