\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5.1}{102}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)

\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(0.05...........0.15...............0.05\)

\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.15}{0.2}=0.75\left(M\right)\)

\(C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0.05}{0.2}=0.25\left(M\right)\)

Đáp án C

n_MgSO4= 0,1 mol; n_Al2(SO4)3= 0,1 mol; V_dd= 0,5 lít

C_MgSO4=0,2M; C_MAl2(SO4)3= 0,2M

MgSO₄ → Mg²⁺+ SO₄^2-

0,2M                       0,2M

Al₂(SO₄)₃→ 2Al³⁺+ 3SO₄^2-

0,2M                        0,6M

[SO₄^2-] = 0,8M

Bài 8:

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

_____0,2______0,6_____0,2____0,3 (mol)

a, \(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)

b, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,3}=2\left(M\right)\)

c, \(C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)

Bài 9:

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)

a, \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=8,4-2,4=6\left(g\right)\)

b, \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{6}{40}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+2n_{MgO}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5.36,5}{3,65\%}==500\left(g\right)\)

PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

            \(FeSO_4+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\cdot0,5=0,15\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,15\cdot56=8,4\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,15}{1}=0,15\left(l\right)=150\left(ml\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

*Bạn xem lại đề vì nếu FeSO₄ p/ứ hết thì sẽ có nhiều hơn 41,7 gam kết tủa

1) \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,78}{78}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6NaOH\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\) 

                                   0,03<----------------------0,01

=> n_{NaOH min} = 0,03 (mol)

=> \(C_{M\left(NaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,2}=0,15M\)

2) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5,1}{102}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,3.0,25=0,075\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(6NaOH+Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\rightarrow3Na_2SO_4+2Al\left(OH\right)_3\)

           0,45<------0,075-------------------------->0,15

            \(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)

             0,05<----0,05

            \(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)

              0,1<-------0,05

=> n_{NaOH max} = 0,5 (mol)

=> \(V_{dd}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)=250\left(ml\right)\)

3)

\(n_{KOH\left(1\right)}=0,15.1,2=0,18\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{4,68}{78}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{AlCl_3}=0,1.x\left(mol\right)\)

Do khi cho KOH tác dụng với dd Y xuất hiện kết tủa

=> Trong Y chứa AlCl₃ dư

PTHH: \(3KOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\)

           0,18---->0,06----------------->0,06

\(n_{KOH\left(2\right)}=0,175.1,2=0,21\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{2,34}{78}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(3KOH+AlCl_3\rightarrow3KCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\)

   (0,3x-0,18)<--(0,1x-0,06)------->(0,1x-0,06)

            \(KOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow KAlO_2+2H_2O\)

     (0,1x-0,09)<-(0,1x-0,09)

=> \(\left(0,3x-0,18\right)+\left(0,1x-0,09\right)=0,21\)

=> x = 1,2

\(n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,1.0,2=0,02(mol)\\ n_{KOH}=0,2.0,3=0,06(mol)\\ PTHH:Al_2(SO_4)_3+6KOH\to 2Al(OH)_3\downarrow+3K_2SO_4\)

Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{KOH}}{6}\) nên \(Al_2(SO_4)_3\) dư

\(a,n_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KOH}=0,3(mol)\\ n_{Al(OH)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{KOH}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al(OH)_3}=0,2.78=15,6(g)\\ C_{M_{K_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6M\)

\(b,K_2SO_4\) ko tác dụng được với \(KOH\), bạn xem lại đề 

a, \(n_{HCl}=0,2.0,1=0,02\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.0,15=0,03\left(mol\right)=n_{SO_4^{2-}}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H^+}=0,02+0,06=0,08\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.0,05=0,015\left(mol\right)=n_{Ba^{2+}}\) 

\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

0,03___0,03 (mol) ⇒ n_H⁺ dư = 0,05 (mol)

\(Ba^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}\rightarrow BaSO_4\)

0,015___0,015______0,015 (mol) ⇒ n_SO4^2- dư = 0,015 (mol)

⇒ m = m_BaSO4 = 0,015.233 = 3,495 (g)

\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,2+0,3}=0,04\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2+0,3}=0,1\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0,015}{0,2+0,3}=0,03\left(M\right)\)

b, pH = -log[H⁺] = 1