1.

\(a+b+c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{\left(a+2b\right)^2+\left(b+2c\right)^2+\left(c+2a\right)^2}{\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(b-2c\right)^2+\left(c-2a\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2+4b^2+4ab+b^2+4c^2+4bc+c^2+4a^2+4ca}{a^2+4b^2-4ab+b^2+4c^2-4bc+c^2+4a^2-4ca}\)

\(=\dfrac{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-10\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{-10\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-6}{-14}=\dfrac{3}{7}\)

b.

\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right)-3abc\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab+2bc+3ca}{3a^2+4b^2+5c^2}=\dfrac{a^2+2a^2+3a^2}{3a^2+4a^2+5a^2}=\dfrac{6}{12}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)

\(a+b+c=\sqrt{2019}\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2019\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=2019\) ( vì \(ab+bc+ca=0\))

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\\ A=a^2+b^2+c^2\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\left(\sqrt{2019}\right)^2-2\cdot0=2019\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng TCDTSBN:

$\frac{a+b+c-d}{d}=\frac{b+c+d-a}{a}=\frac{c+d+a-b}{b}=\frac{d+a+b-c}{c}$

$=\frac{a+b+c-d+b+c+d-a+c+d+a-b+d+a+b-c}{d+a+b+c}$

$=\frac{2(a+b+c+d)}{a+b+c+d}=2$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c-d=2d; b+c+d-a=2a; c+d+a-b=2b; d+a+b-c=2c$

$\Rightarrow a+b+c=3d; b+c+d=3a; c+d+a=3b; d+a+b=3c$

Khi đó:

\(P=\frac{a+b+c}{a}.\frac{b+c+d}{b}.\frac{c+d+a}{c}.\frac{a+b+d}{d}\\ =\frac{3d}{a}.\frac{3a}{b}.\frac{3b}{c}.\frac{3c}{d}=81\)

 \(\frac{a+b-c}{c}=\frac{b+c-a}{a}\)\(=\frac{c+a-b}{b}\)

=> \(\frac{a+b}{c}-1=\frac{b+c}{a}-1\)\(=\frac{c+a}{b}-1\)

=>\(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}\)

Xét 2 trường hợp

+) Nếu a+b+c \(\ne\)0

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có

\(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}\)\(=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)(vì a+b+c \(\ne\)0)

=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=2c\\b+c=2a\\c +a=2b\end{cases}}=>a=b=c\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=2c\\b+c=2a\\c+a=2b\end{cases}}\)=> \(a=b=c\)

Thay vào B => B=\(\left(1+\frac{a}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{a}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{a}{a}\right)\)=2.2.2= 8

+) Nếu a+b+c=0 => \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=-\left(b+c\right)\\b=-\left(a+c\right)\\c=-\left(a+b\right)\end{cases}}\)Thay vào B

B=\(\left(1+\frac{-\left(a+c\right)}{a}\right)\)\(\left(1+\frac{-\left(b+c\right)}{c}\right)\)\(\left(1+\frac{-\left(a+b\right)}{b}\right)\)

=>B= \(\frac{-c}{a}.\frac{-b}{c}.\frac{-a}{b}=-1\)( Vì a,b,c \(\ne\)0 nên abc\(\ne\)0)

Vậy B= 8 nếu a+b+c khác 0 ; B=-1 nếu a+b+c =0

Xin lỗi bạn mk thiếu ở trường hợp 1

=>\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=2c\\c+b=2a\\a+c=2b\end{cases}}\)=>\(a=b=c\)

ta có a+b+c=0       =>     a=-b-c,         b=-a-c,            c=-a-b

thay vào A ta được 

 A=(1-(b+c)/b)(1-(a+c)/c)(1-(a+b)/a)

   =(1-1-c/b)(1-1-a/c)(1-1-b/a)

   =(-c/b)(-a/c)(-b/a)

   =(-abc)/abc

    =-1

bạn Nguyễn Thị Lan Hương làm đúng rồi, mk lm cách khác nhé:

           BÀI LÀM

          \(a+b+c=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\c+a=-b\end{cases}}\)

\(A=\left(1+\frac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)

    \(=\frac{a+b}{b}.\frac{b+c}{c}.\frac{c+a}{a}\)

    \(=\frac{-c}{b}.\frac{-a}{c}.\frac{-b}{b}=-1\)