a: 2x+1<=6

=>2x<=5

=>x<=5/2

=>A={0;1;2}

b: B={1;5}

c: \(C=\varnothing\)

d: D={0;2;4;6}

\(A=\left\{-3;-2;-1;0;1;2;3;4;5\right\}\)

\(B=\left[3;a\right]\)

\(C=(-\infty;5]\)

\(D=[3;5)\)

\(E=[-2;+\infty)\)

\(F=\left\{0;1;2;3;4;5;6\right\}\)

\(G=\left(1;+\infty\right)\)

\(H=(-\infty;-1]\)

\(K=(-1;5]\)

\(I=(-\infty;4]\)

Bài 1

a, A = {- 1; - 6; 4}

b, B = {-3 ; \(\pm1\); 3; 5; 7; 9}

Bài 2

a, (- 7; 0] \(\cap\) [- 4; 9) = [-4 ; 0]

b, [- 2; 2] \ [1; +∞) = [- 2 ; 1)

c, (- ∞; 5) \(\cup\) [-2 ; 5] = (- ∞; 5]

d, A = [-3 ; 1] và B = (-1; +∞)

Vậy A \(\cap\) B = ( - 1; 1]

Lời giải:

$A=\left\{0; 1;2;3;4\right\}$

$B=\left\{3\right\}$

$C=\left\{1;3\right\}$

$D=\left\{x\in\mathbb{N}|x=2k+1, \forall k\in\mathbb{N}\right\}$

Như vậy:

$B\subset C\subset A$

$B\subset C\subset D$

a: 2k^2+kx-10=0

Khi x=2 thì ta sẽ có: 2k^2+2k-10=0

=>k^2+k-5=0

=>\(k=\dfrac{-1\pm\sqrt{21}}{2}\)

b: Khi x=-2 thì ta sẽ có:

\(\left(-2k-5\right)\cdot4-\left(k-2\right)\cdot\left(-2\right)+2k=0\)

=>-8k-20+2k-4+2k=0

=>-4k-24=0

=>k=-6

c: Theo đề, ta có:

9k-3k-72=0

=>6k=72

=>k=12

ChươngII *Dạng toán rútg gọn phân thức

Bài 1.Rút gọn phân thức

a. \(\dfrac{3x\left(1-x\right)}{2\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{-3x\left(x-1\right)}{2\left(x-1\right)}=-\dfrac{3x}{2}\)

b.\(\dfrac{6x^2y^2}{8xy^5}=\dfrac{3x.2xy^2}{4y^3.2xy^2}=\dfrac{3x}{4y^3}\)

c.\(\dfrac{23\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)^2}{6\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}=\dfrac{23\left(x-z\right)}{6}\)

Bài 2 rút gọn các phân thức sau:

a.\(\dfrac{x^2-16}{4x-x^2}=\dfrac{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)}{-x\left(x-4\right)}=-\dfrac{x+4}{x}\)(x khác 0,x khác 4)

b.\(\dfrac{x^2+4x+3}{2x+6}=\dfrac{x^2+3x+x+3}{2\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)\left(x+1\right)}{2\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{x+1}{2}\)

( x \(\ne-3\) )

c.\(\dfrac{15x\left(x+y\right)^3}{5y\left(x+y\right)^2}=\dfrac{3x\left(x+y\right)}{y}\) (y+(x+y) khác 0)

d. \(\dfrac{5\left(x-y\right)-3\left(y-x\right)}{10\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{5\left(x-y\right)+3\left(x-y\right)}{10\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{8\left(x-y\right)}{10\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)

(x khác y)

e.\(\dfrac{2x+2y+5x+5y}{2x+2y-5x-5y}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)+5\left(x+y\right)}{2\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{7\left(x+y\right)}{-3\left(x+y\right)}=-\dfrac{7}{3}\)

(x khác -y)

f.\(\dfrac{x^2-xy}{3xy-3y^2}=\dfrac{x\left(x-y\right)}{3y\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{x}{3y}\)(x khác y,y khác 0)

g.\(\dfrac{2ax^2-4ax+2a}{5b-5bx^2}=\dfrac{2a\left(x^2-2x+1\right)}{-5b\left(x^2-1\right)}=\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)^2}{-5b\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)}{-5b\left(x+1\right)}\)

\ (b khác 0,x khác +-1)

h. \(\dfrac{4x^2-4xy}{5x^3-5x^2y}=\dfrac{4x\left(x-y\right)}{5x^2\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{4x}{5x^2}\)

(x khác 0,x khác y)

i.\(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-z^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y-z\right)}{x+y+z}=x+y-z\)

(x+y+z khác 0)

k.\(\dfrac{x^6+2x^3y^3+y^6}{x^7-xy^6}=\dfrac{\left(x^3\right)^2+2x^3y^3+\left(y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^6-y^6\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)\left(x^3+y^3\right)}=\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)}\)

(x khác 0,x khác +-y)

Bài 4 : Rút gọn các phân thức sau :

\(a,\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{a+b+c}=a+b-c\)

\(b,\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab}{a^2-b^2+c^2+2ac}=\dfrac{\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)-c^2}{\left(a^2+2ac+c^2\right)-b^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2}{\left(a+c\right)^2-b^2}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+c-b\right)}=\dfrac{a+b-c}{a+c-b}\)

c,\(\dfrac{2x^3-7x^2-12x+45}{3x^3-19x^2+33x-9}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(2x^3-x^2-15x\right)-\left(6x^2-3x-45\right)}{\left(3x^3-10x^2+3x\right)-\left(9x^2-30x+9\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x\left(2x^2-x-15\right)-3\left(2x^2-x-15\right)}{x\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)-3\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x^2-x-15\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x^2+5x-6x-15\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(3x^2-9x-x+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left[x\left(2x+5\right)-3\left(2x+5\right)\right]}{\left(x-3\right)\left[3x\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-3\right)\right]}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)^2\left(2x+5\right)}{\left(x-3\right)^2\left(3x-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2x+5}{3x-1}\)

a) \(A=\left\{\varnothing\right\}\)

b) \(B=\left\{0;-1;-2;1\right\}\)

c) \(C=\left\{-2;\frac{5+\sqrt{22}}{3};\frac{5-\sqrt{22}}{3}\right\}\)