\(\dfrac{yc-bz}{x}=\dfrac{za-xc}{y}=\dfrac{xb-ya}{z}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xyc-xbz}{x^2}=\dfrac{yza-xyc}{y^2}=\dfrac{xbz-yza}{z^2}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\dfrac{xyc-xbz}{x^2}=\dfrac{yza-xyc}{y^2}=\dfrac{xbz-yza}{z^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{xyc-xbz+yza-xyc+xbz-yza}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}yc=bz\\za=xc\\xb=ya\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\\\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{z}{c}\\\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\left(đpcm\right)\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{ax}{cx}=\dfrac{yb}{yd}=\dfrac{ax+yb}{cx+yd}\) (1)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{za}{zc}=\dfrac{tb}{td}=\dfrac{za+tb}{zc+td}\) (2)

(1);(2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ax+yb}{cx+yd}=\dfrac{za+tb}{zc+td}\Rightarrow\dfrac{xa+yb}{za+tb}=\dfrac{xc+yd}{zc+td}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{xa}{xc}=\dfrac{yb}{yd}=\dfrac{za}{zc}=\dfrac{tb}{td}=\dfrac{xa+yb}{xc+yd}=\dfrac{za+tb}{zc+td}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{xa+yb}{za+tb}=\dfrac{xc+yd}{zc+td}\)

Ta có :

\(\dfrac{cy-bx}{x}=\dfrac{az-cx}{y}=\dfrac{bx-ay}{z}=\dfrac{bxz-cxy+cxy-ayz+ayz-bxz}{ax+by+cz}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{cy-bz}{x}=0\) \(\Rightarrow cy=bz\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\left(1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{az-cx}{y}=0\) \(\Rightarrow az=cx\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{c}{z}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra : \(\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\)

Ta có

\(\frac{yc-bz}{a}=\frac{za-xc}{b}=\frac{xb-ya}{c}=\)\(\frac{yca-bza}{a^2}=\frac{zab-xcb}{b^2}=\frac{xbc-yac}{c^2}=\)\(\frac{yca-bza+zab-xcb+xbc-yac}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=0\)

=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}yc=bz\\za=cx\\xb=ya\end{cases}}\)     <=>    \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{c}{z}=\frac{b}{y}\\\frac{a}{x}=\frac{c}{z}\\\frac{b}{y}=\frac{a}{x}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\left(đpcm\right)}\)