PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{10}{40}=0,125\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,125\cdot98}{10\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,125\cdot142=17,75\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{17,75}{10+122,5}\cdot100\%\approx13,4\%\)

n H2SO4=\(\dfrac{10\%.490}{2+32+16.4}=0,5mol\)

n Al2O3 =\(\dfrac{10,2}{27.2+16.3}=0,1mol\)

       \(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

bđ    0,1............0,5

pư    0,1............0,3..................0,1

spu   0 ................0,2................0,1 

=> sau pư gồm H2SO4 dư , Al2(S04)3 và H2O

m H2SO4 dư = \(0,2.\left(2+32+16.3\right)=19,6g\)

m Al2(SO4)3 = \(0,1\left(27.2+32.3+16.4.3\right)=34,2g\)

m dd = \(490+10,2=500,2g\)

% Al2(SO4)3 = \(\dfrac{34,2}{500,2}.100\sim6,84\%\)

% H2SO4 dư = \(\dfrac{19,6}{500,2}.100\sim3,92\%\)

\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{20}{160}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

0,125     0,375             0,125           0,375 

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,375.98.100}{25}=147\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,125.406}{20+147}\approx30,39\%\)

đề bài có vấn đề=.=

À, là 100 g dung dịch H2SO4 

biết ngay mà

a. PTHH: H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH ---> Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

b. Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{300}.100\%=19,6\%\)

=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=58,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{200}.100\%=20\%\)

=> m_NaOH = 40(g)

=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)

Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,6}{1}>\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy H₂SO₄ dư.

=> \(m_{dd_{Na_2SO_4}}=300+40=340\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,5.142=71\left(g\right)\)

=> \(C_{\%_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{71}{340}.100\%=20,88\%\)

HCl k có phần trăm à

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{109,5.20\%}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,6}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-0,2.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ZnCl_2}=136.0,2=27,2\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{ddsau}=13+109,5-0,2.2=122,1\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddZnCl_2}=\dfrac{27,2}{122,1}.100\approx22,277\%\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{122,1}.100\approx5,979\%\)

Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl₂ + H₂ 

a, n_Zn = 13/65= 0,2(mol)

m_HCl= 109,5.20%/100%=21.9(g)

n_HCl=21,9/36,5=0,6(mol)

Theo PT n_HCl = 2n_Zn= 2.0,2= 0,4(mol)<0,6(mol)

=> HCl pư dư, Zn pư hết

Theo PT: n_H2= n_Zn =0,2(mol)

V_H2=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)

b, Theo PT: n_ZnCl2=n_Zn=0,2(mol)

m_ZnCl2= 0,2.136=27,2(g)

c, mdd sau pư= 13+109,5-0,2.2=122,1(g)

C%dd ZnCl2=27,2.100%/122,1=22,28%

n_HCl dư= 0,6-0,4=0,2(mol)

mHcl

Bài 2:

a) PTHH: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)

b) Dung dịch A là dung dịch bazơ

Ta có: \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{3,1}{62}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,1}{1}=0,1\left(M\right)\)

c) Sửa đề: dd H₂SO₄ 9,8%

PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot98}{9,8\%}=50\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{50}{1,14}\approx43,86\left(ml\right)\)

Bài 1:

PTHH: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư

\(\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot160}{200+16}\cdot100\%\approx14,81\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot98}{200+16}\cdot100\%\approx9,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

mNaOH=11(g) -> nNaOH= 0,275(mol)

mH3PO4=9,8(g) -> nH3PO4=0,1(mol)

Ta có: 2< nNaOH/nH3PO4 = 0,275/0,1=2,75< 3 

=> P.ứ kết thúc thu được hỗn hợp dd Na3PO4 và Na2HPO4

PTHH: 3 NaOH + H3PO4 -> Na3PO4 + 3 H2O

3x_____________x________x(mol)

2 NaOH + H3PO4 -> Na2HPO4 +2 H2O

2y_____y__________y(mol)

mddX=55+24,5=79,5(g)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=0,275\\x+y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,075\\y=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> mNa3PO4=0,075.164=12,3(g)

mNa2HPO4=142.0,025=3,55(g)

=>C%ddNa3PO4=(12,3/79,5).100=15,472%

C%ddNa2HPO4=(3,55/79,5).100=4,465%

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{55\cdot20\%}{40}=0,275\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_3PO_4}=\dfrac{24,5\cdot40\%}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo HPO₄^2- và PO₄^3-

PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_3PO_4\rightarrow Na_2HPO_4+2H_2O\)

                     2a_______a___________a_______2a   (mol)

           \(3NaOH+H_3PO_4\rightarrow Na_3PO_4+3H_2O\)

                     3b_______b_________b______3b    (mol)

Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+3b=0,275\\a+b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,025\\b=0,075\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Na_2HPO_4}=\dfrac{0,025\cdot142}{55+24,5}\cdot100\%\approx4,47\%\\C\%_{Na_3PO_4}=\dfrac{0,075\cdot164}{55+24,5}\cdot100\%\approx15,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)