Theo định lý Viet ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2+x_3=m+2\\x_1x_2+x_1x_3+x_2x_3=3m\\x_1x_2x_3=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=x_1^2+x_2^2+x_3^2=\left(x_1+x_2+x_3\right)^2-2\left(x_1x_2+x_1x_3+x_2x_3\right)\)

\(P=\left(m+2\right)^2-6m=m^2-2m+4\)

\(P=\left(m-1\right)^2+3\ge3\)

\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=3\) khi \(m=1\)

\(\Delta'=\left(m-1\right)^2+m^3-\left(m+1\right)^2=m^3-4m\ge0\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m\ge2\\-2\le m\le0\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo hệ thức Viet:  \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=2\left(m-1\right)\\x_1x_2=-m^3+\left(m+1\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Do \(x_1+x_2\le4\Rightarrow m-1\le2\Rightarrow m\le3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2\le m\le3\\-2\le m\le0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=x_1^3+x_2^3+3x_1x_2\left(x_1+x_2\right)+8x_1x_2\)

\(=\left(x_1+x_2\right)^3+8x_1x_2\)

\(=8\left(m-1\right)^3+8\left[-m^3+\left(m+1\right)^2\right]\)

\(=8\left(5m-2m^2\right)\)

\(P=8\left(5m-2m^2-2+2\right)=16-8\left(m-2\right)\left(2m-1\right)\le16\)

\(P_{max}=16\) khi \(m=2\)

\(P=8\left(5m-2m^2+18-18\right)=8\left(9-2m\right)\left(m+2\right)-144\ge-144\)

\(P_{min}=-144\) khi \(m=-2\)

Lời giải:
$\Delta'=(m^2+1)^2+m(m^2+1)=(m^2+1)(m^2+m+1)>0$ với mọi $m$ nên pt luôn có 2 nghiệm phân biệt với mọi $m$

Áp dụng định lý Viet: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x_1+x_2=-2\\ x_1x_2=\frac{-m}{m^2+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Khi đó:
\(T=x_1^2+x_2^2=(x_1+x_2)^2-2x_1x_2=(-2)^2+\frac{2m}{m^2+1}=4+\frac{2m}{m^2+1}\)

\(=5+\frac{2m}{m^2+1}-1=5+\frac{2m-m^2-1}{m^2+1}=5-\frac{(m-1)^2}{m^2+1}\leq 5\)

Vậy $T_{\max}=5$ khi $m=1$

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=\dfrac{20a-11}{2012}\\x_1x_2=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{x_1-x_2}{2}-\dfrac{x_1-x_2}{x_1x_2}\right)^2\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2+2\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{x_1x_2}\right)^2\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2+2\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)^2\)

\(=6\left(x_1-x_2\right)^2=6\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-24x_1x_2\)

\(=6\left(\dfrac{20a-11}{2012}\right)^2+24\ge24\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=\dfrac{11}{20}\)

\(\Delta=\left(m-1\right)^2-4\left(m+3\right)=m^2-6m-11>0\) (1)

Theo hệ thức Viet: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=m-1\\x_1x_2=m+3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có:

\(A=x_1^2+x_2^2=\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-2x_1x_2\)

\(=\left(m-1\right)^2-2\left(m+3\right)=m^2-4m-5\)

Biểu thức này ko tồn tại cả min lẫn max với điều kiện m từ (1)

\(\Delta=\left(3m+2\right)^2-12m=9m^2+4>0\)

Theo hệ thức Viet: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=-3m-2\\x_1x_2=3m\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+1+x_2+1=-3m\\x_1x_2+x_1+x_2+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+1+x_2+1=-3m\\\left(x_1+1\right)\left(x_2+1\right)=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+1=a\\x_2+1=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-3m\\ab=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(Q=a^4+b^4\ge2a^2b^2=2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a^2=b^2\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\left(loại\right)\\a=-b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow-3m=0\Rightarrow m=0\)