Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dưới dạng phân số ta có

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)

<=>\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge9\) (vì a+b+c=1) (đpcm)

Cách khác dùng AM-GM

Áp dụng bđt AM-GM cho 3 số không âm ta được:

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{a}\cdot\dfrac{1}{b}\cdot\dfrac{1}{c}}=3\cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\)

Tiếp tục áp dụng bđt AM-GM cho 3 số không âm ta được:

\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\cdot\dfrac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge9\)(đpcm)

Ta có \(1=a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{abc}\)

Theo đề bài ta có

\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)

\(\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}}{abc}=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge9\)

a.

Xét hiệu:

\(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)-4\)

\(=1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1-4\)

\(=\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}-2\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2-2ab}{ab}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)

Suy ra:

\(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge4\)

b.

Đặt:

\(A=\)\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(=1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+1\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+3\) (1)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số không âm, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}=2\) (2)

\(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}.\dfrac{c}{a}}=2\) (3)

\(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}.\dfrac{c}{a}}=2\) (4)

Từ (1)(2)(3)(4) cộng vế theo vế, ta được:

\(A\ge3+2+2+2=9\)

=> BĐT luôn đúng

=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)

b)Đặt \(A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(A=1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+1\)

\(A=3+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\)

Ta chứng minh bđt sau:\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\ge2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{xy}\ge2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)

Áp dụng\(\Rightarrow P\ge3+2+2+2=9\left(đpcm\right)\)

xí câu 1:))

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :

\(\frac{x^2}{y-1}+\frac{y^2}{x-1}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x+y-2}\)(1)

Đặt a = x + y - 2 => a > 0 ( vì x,y > 1 )

Khi đó \(\left(1\right)=\frac{\left(a+2\right)^2}{a}=\frac{a^2+4a+4}{a}=\left(a+\frac{4}{a}\right)+4\ge2\sqrt{a\cdot\frac{4}{a}}+4=8\)( AM-GM )

Vậy ta có đpcm

Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=2 => x=y=2