\(A=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+\dfrac{1}{3^4}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{A}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+\dfrac{1}{3^4}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\)

\(\Rightarrow A-\dfrac{A}{3}=\dfrac{2A}{3}=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+\dfrac{1}{3^4}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2A}{3}=\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}-\dfrac{1}{3^2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{3^3}-\dfrac{1}{3^3}\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\)

\(\Rightarrow2A=3\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\text{A}=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2.3^{99}}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)

Bài 1:

\(2^{49}=\left(2^7\right)^7=128^7;5^{21}=\left(5^3\right)^7=125^7\\ Vì:128^7>125^7\Rightarrow2^{49}>5^{21}\)

Bài 2:

\(a,S=1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{99}\\ =\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+3^4.\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+3^{96}.\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\\ =40+3^4.40+...+3^{96}.40\\ =40.\left(1+3^4+...+3^{96}\right)⋮40\\ b,S=1+4+4^2+4^3+...+4^{62}\\ =\left(1+4+4^2\right)+4^3.\left(1+4+4^2\right)+...+4^{60}.\left(1+4+4^2\right)\\ =21+4^3.21+...+4^{60}.21\\ =21.\left(1+4^3+...+4^{60}\right)⋮21\)

Bài 1 :

\(2^{49}=\left(2^7\right)^7=128^7\)

\(5^{21}=\left(5^3\right)^7=125^7\)

mà \(125^7< 128^7\)

\(\Rightarrow2^{49}>5^{21}\)

Bài 2 :

a) \(S=1+3+3^2+3^3+...3^{99}\)

\(\Rightarrow S=\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+3^4\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)...+3^{96}\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S=40+40.3^4+...+40.3^{96}\)

\(\Rightarrow S=40\left(1+3^4+...+3^{96}\right)⋮40\)

\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)

b) \(S=1+4+4^2+4^3+...4^{62}\)

\(\Rightarrow S=\left(1+4+4^2\right)+4^3\left(1+4+4^2\right)+...4^{60}\left(1+4+4^2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S=21+4^3.21+...4^{60}.21\)

\(\Rightarrow S=21\left(1+4^3+...4^{60}\right)⋮21\)

\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)

a) \(S=1+2+2^2+..+2^{2022}\)

\(2S=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2023}\)

\(2S-S=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2023}-1-2-2^2-...-2^{2022}\)

\(S=2^{2023}-1\)

b) \(S=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{2022}\)

\(3S=3^2+3^3+...+3^{2023}\)

\(3S-S=3^2+3^3+....+3^{2023}-3-3^2-...-3^{2022}\)

\(2S=3^{2023}-3\)

\(\Rightarrow S=\dfrac{3^{2023}-3}{2}\)

c) \(S=4+4^2+4^3+...+4^{2022}\)

\(4S=4^2+4^3+...+4^{2023}\)

\(4S-S=4^2+4^3+...+4^{2023}-4-4^2-...-4^{2022}\)

\(3S=4^{2023}-4\)

\(S=\dfrac{4^{2023}-4}{3}\)

d) \(S=5+5^2+...+5^{2022}\)

\(5S=5^2+5^3+...+5^{2023}\)

\(5S-S=5^2+5^3+...+5^{2023}-5-5^2-...-5^{2022}\)

\(4S=5^{2023}-5\)

\(S=\dfrac{5^{2023}-5}{4}\)

Cho: \(A=\dfrac{2}{2^2}+\dfrac{2}{3^2}+\dfrac{2}{4^2}+....+\dfrac{2}{100^2}\)

\(A=2\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\right)\)

Và cho \(B=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)

Mà: 

\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}\)

....

\(\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{99\cdot100}\)

Nên: \(B< \dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+\dfrac{1}{4\cdot5}+...+\dfrac{1}{99\cdot100}\)

\(\Rightarrow B< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)

\(\Rightarrow B< 1-\dfrac{1}{100}\)

\(\Rightarrow B< \dfrac{99}{100}\)

Mà: \(\dfrac{99}{100}< 1\) (tử nhỏ hơn mẫu)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}< 1\)

\(\Rightarrow A=2\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+..+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\right)< 2\) (đpcm)

\(\dfrac{2}{2^2}+\dfrac{2}{3^2}+\dfrac{2}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{2}{100^2}\)

\(=2\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\right)\)

mà \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}< 1\)

\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)

\(S=\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{7^2}+\dfrac{1}{9^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{103^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2S=\dfrac{2}{5^2}+\dfrac{2}{7^2}+\dfrac{2}{9^2}+...+\dfrac{2}{103^2}\)

Có:

\(\dfrac{2}{5^2}=\dfrac{2}{5.5}< \dfrac{2}{4.6}=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{6}\)

\(\dfrac{2}{7^2}=\dfrac{2}{7.7}< \dfrac{2}{6.8}=\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{8}\)

\(\dfrac{2}{9^2}=\dfrac{2}{9.9}< \dfrac{2}{8.10}=\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{10}\)

...

\(\dfrac{2}{103^2}=\dfrac{2}{103.103}< \dfrac{1}{102.104}=\dfrac{1}{102}-\dfrac{1}{104}\)

\(\Rightarrow2S< \dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{10}+...+\dfrac{1}{102}-\dfrac{1}{104}\)

\(\Rightarrow2S< \dfrac{25}{104}\)

\(\Rightarrow S< \dfrac{25}{208}< \dfrac{5}{32}\)

\(\Rightarrow S< \dfrac{5}{32}\).

Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{5^2}< \dfrac{1}{4.6}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{7^2}< \dfrac{1}{6.8}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{9^2}< \dfrac{1}{8.10}\)
\(...\)
\(\dfrac{1}{103^2}< \dfrac{1}{102.104}\)
\(\Rightarrow S\)\(< \dfrac{1}{4.6}+\dfrac{1}{6.8}+\dfrac{1}{8.10}+...+\dfrac{1}{102.104}\)\(\left(1\right)\)
Đặt \(A=\dfrac{1}{4.6}+\dfrac{1}{6.8}+\dfrac{1}{8.10}+...+\dfrac{1}{102.104}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{4.6}+\dfrac{2}{6.8}+\dfrac{2}{8.10}+...+\dfrac{2}{102.104}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{10}+...+\dfrac{1}{102}-\dfrac{1}{104}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{104}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{25}{104}\)
\(=\dfrac{25}{208}< \dfrac{25}{160}\)\(\left(2\right)\)
Mà \(\dfrac{25}{160}=\dfrac{5}{32}\)\(\left(3\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\) và \(\left(3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \dfrac{5}{32}\)