a)

Gọi m KCl = a(gam)

Sau khi thêm : 

m KCl = a + 200.10% = a + 20(gam)
m dd = a + 200(gam)

Suy ra : 

C% = (a + 20) / (a +200) .100% = 15%

=> a = 11,76(gam)

b)

(Thiếu dữ kiện)

PTHH: \(Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)

           \(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)

           \(NaAlO_2+HCl+H_2O\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+NaCl\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{27,3}{78}=0,35\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=2\cdot0,25=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) NaOH còn dư 0,15 mol

Mặt khác: \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(sau\right)}=\dfrac{14,04}{78}=0,18\left(mol\right)\) 

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(sau\right)}+n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,33\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,33}{1,6}=0,20625\left(l\right)=206,25\left(ml\right)\)

\(\dfrac{1}{10}m_R=0,46\left(g\right)\)

2R+ 2nHCl -----------> 2RCln + H2

\(n_{HCl}=0,23.0,1=0,023\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_R=\dfrac{0,023}{n}=\dfrac{0,46}{R}\)

Chỉ có giá trị n=2, R =40 thỏa mãn

Vậy R là Ca

2R + 2nH2O -> 2R(OH)n+ nH2

0,23/n                 0,23/n              

R(OH)n + nHCl-> RCln +nH2O

0,23/n       0,23

Ta có R.0,23/n =4,6

=> R=20n

Chọn n=2 => R=40(Ca)

Câu 4: gọi công thức của hidroxit là M(OH)n

Ta có M+17n=78

Chọn n=3 => M=27(Al)

Vậy kim loại cần tìm là Al

a) $Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
$n_{MgCl_2} = \dfrac{4,75}{95} = 0,05(mol)$

$n_{HCl} = 2n_{MgCl_2} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,1.36,5}{14,6\%} = 25(gam)$
$\Rightarrow V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{25}{1,12} = 22,32(ml)$

b) $n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = n_{MgCl_2} = 0,05(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 0,05.24 + 25 - 0,05.2  = 26,1(gam)$

$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{4,75}{26,1}.100\% = 18,2\%$

\(FeS+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2S\)\(\uparrow\)

 0.2                                    0.2

\(H_2S+4H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4+4H_2\)

0.2                        0.2          0.8

a. \(n_{FeS}=\dfrac{17.6}{88}=0.2mol\)

\(mdd_{H_2SO_4}=m_X=m_{H_2S}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=0.2\times34+92.3-0.8\times2=97.5g\)

\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.2\times98\times100}{97.5}=20,1\%\)

b. \(\dfrac{1}{2}dd_X\Rightarrow n_X=0.1mol\)

\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

  0.2              0.1

\(mdd_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0.2\times40\times100}{20}=40g\)

2. Ta có: m_{KOH 20%} = \(\frac{200.20}{100}\) ₌ 40g

m_{KOH 10%} = m_KOH 20% = 40g

=>m_{dd KOH 10%}  = \(\frac{40.100}{10}\) = 400g

=> m_H2O = 400 - 200 =200g

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7.2}{24}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot14.6\%}{36.5}=0.8\left(mol\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(0.3.........0.6.........0.3..........0.3\)

\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.8-0.6=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)

\(0.2........0.2\)

\(V_{dd_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0.2}{2}=0.1\left(l\right)\)

\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=7.2+200-0.3\cdot2=206.6\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{MgCl_2}=0.3\cdot95=28.5\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%MgCl_2=\dfrac{28.5}{206.6}\cdot100\%=13.8\%\)

\(C\%HCl\left(dư\right)=\dfrac{0.2\cdot36.5}{206.6}\cdot100\%=3.53\%\)