\(3=x+y+xy\le\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+3\sqrt{2}\right)\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le-2\)

\(P=\sqrt{9-x^2}+\sqrt{9-y^2}+\dfrac{x+y}{4}\le\sqrt{2\left(9-x^2+9-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}{4}\)

\(P\le\sqrt{2\left(18-x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4}.\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)

\(P\le\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\sqrt{18-x^2-y^2}+\sqrt[]{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(18-x^2-y^2\right)}{2}}+\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}}\)

\(P\le\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right).\sqrt{18-2}+\sqrt{\left(2+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(\dfrac{18-x^2-y^2+x^2+y^2}{2}\right)}=\dfrac{1+8\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)

\(x\ge xy+1\Rightarrow1\ge y+\dfrac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(Q^2=\dfrac{x^2+2xy+y^2}{3x^2-xy+y^2}=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+1}{\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2-\dfrac{y}{x}+3}\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{y}{x}=t\le\dfrac{1}{4}\) 

\(Q^2=\dfrac{t^2+2t+1}{t^2-t+3}=\dfrac{t^2+2t+1}{t^2-t+3}-\dfrac{5}{9}+\dfrac{5}{9}\)

\(Q^2=\dfrac{\left(4t-1\right)\left(t+6\right)}{9\left(t^2-t+3\right)}+\dfrac{5}{9}\le\dfrac{5}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow Q_{max}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\) khi \(t=\dfrac{1}{4}\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)

Đặt \(x+y=t,t\in\left[-2;2\right]\)

Biến đổi được \(P=-2t^3+6t\)

Xét \(f\left(t\right)=-2t^3+6t\) trên \(\left[-2;2\right]\)

Lập bảng biến thiên

Ta có \(P_{Max}=4\) khi t=1

          \(P_{Min}=-4\) khi t= -1

có: \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy}=\dfrac{1}{1-2xy}\)(1)

có \(\dfrac{1}{xy}=\dfrac{2}{2xy}\left(2\right)\)

từ(1)(2)=>A=\(\dfrac{1}{1-2xy}+\dfrac{2}{2xy}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}{1}=\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)^2\)

=>Min A=(1+\(\sqrt{2}\))^2

b, ta có : \(x+y=1=>2x+2y=2\)

\(B=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{3}{4xy}=\dfrac{4}{4x^2+4y^2}+\dfrac{6}{8xy}\)\(\ge\dfrac{\left(2+\sqrt{6}\right)^2}{\left(2x+2y\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(2+\sqrt{6}\right)^2}{2^2}=\dfrac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{2}\)=>\(B\ge\dfrac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{2}\)

=>\(MinB=\dfrac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{2}\)

\(A=3yz+\left(4-y-z\right)\left(y+2z\right)\)

\(A=-y^2+4y-2z^2+8z\)

\(A=-\left(y-2\right)^2-2\left(z-2\right)^2+12\le12\)

\(A_{max}=12\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;2;2\right)\)