\(a,9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+20=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b,5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y-2x+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,5x^2+2y^2+4xy-2x+4y+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(d,x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y-4z-14\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(e,x^2+y^2-6x+4y+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

Pt vô nghiệm do ko có 2 bình phương số nguyên có tổng là 11

e: Ta có: \(x^2-6x+y^2+4y+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+9+y^2+4y+4-11=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3 và y=-2

a/ \(x^2-2.4x+16+y^2+2y+1+z^2=16\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+z^2=16\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}I\left(4;-1;0\right)\\R=\sqrt{16}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

b/ \(x^2+y^2+z^2+2x-y+5z-\dfrac{2}{3}=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x+1+y^2-2.\dfrac{1}{2}y+\dfrac{1}{4}+z^2+2.\dfrac{5}{2}z+\dfrac{25}{4}=\dfrac{2}{3}+1+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{25}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(z+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{49}{6}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}I\left(-1;\dfrac{1}{2};-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\\R=\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{6}}\end{matrix}\right.\)

P/s: câu c bạn tự làm nốt ạ!

\(a,\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2-18x+9\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)+\left(2z^2+4z+2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b,\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+8xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

a,9x^2+y^2+2z^2−18x+4z−6y+20=0

⇔9(x−1)^2+(y−3)^2+2(z+1)^2=0

⇔x=1;y=3;z=−1

b,5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y−2x+2=0

⇔4(x+y)2+(x−1)2+(y+1)2=0

⇔x=−y;x=1y=−1⇔x=1y=−1

c,5x^2+2y^2+4xy−2x+4y+5=0

⇔(2x+y)^2+(x−1)^2+(y+2)^2=0

⇔2x=−y;x=1;y=−2

⇔x=1;y=−2

⇔(x−1)^2+(2y−3)^2+(z+2)^2=0

\(d,\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(4y^2-12y+9\right)+\left(z^2+4z+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(e,x^2+y^2-6x+4y+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)

\(\Rightarrow\)PT vô nghiệm vì 11 không phải là tổng 2 số chính phương

\(A=\left(2x-1\right)^2+9\ge9\\ A_{min}=9\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ B=2\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{1}{8}=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{8}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\\ B_{min}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ C=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+2\left(2x+y\right)+1+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)-4\\ C=\left[\left(2x+y\right)^2+2\left(2x+y\right)+1\right]+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\\ C=\left(2x+y+1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\ge-4\\ C_{min}=-4\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-1-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(D=\left(3x-1-2x\right)^2=\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\ D_{min}=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\\ G=\left(9x^2+6xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1\\ G=\left(3x+y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\\ G_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(H=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(2y^2+4y+2\right)+2\\ H=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+2\left(y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\\ H_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\)

Ta luôn có \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz\ge3xy+3yz+3xz\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3^2}{3}\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow K\le3\\ K_{max}=3\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)

$A=x^2+y^2-6x+4y+20=(x^2-6x+9)+(y^2+4y+4)+7$

$=(x-3)^2+(y+2)^2+7\geq 0+0+7=7$
Vậy $A_{\min}=7$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-3)^2=(y+2)^2=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=3; y=-2$

---------------------

$B=9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+30$

$=(9x^2-18x+9)+(y^2-6y+9)+(2z^2+4z+2)+10$

$=9(x^2-2x+1)+(y^2-6y+9)+2(z^2+2z+1)+10$

$=9(x-1)^2+(y-3)^2+2(z+1)^2+10\geq 10$
Vậy $B_{\min}=10$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-1)^2=(y-3)^2=(z+1)^2$

$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=3; z=-1$

$C=x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz+3$

$2C=2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz+6$

$=(x^2-2xy+y^2)+(y^2-2yz+z^2)+(x^2-2xz+z^2)+6$

$=(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2+6\geq 6$

$\Rightarrow C\geq 3$

Vậy $C_{\min}=3$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x-y=y-z=z-x=0$

$\Leftrihgtarrow x=y=z$

--------------------------------------

$D=5x^2+2y^2+4xy-2x+4y+2021$

$=2(y^2+2xy+x^2)+3x^2-2x+4y+2021$

$=2(x+y)^2+4(x+y)+3x^2-6x+2021$
$=2(x+y)^2+4(x+y)+2+3(x^2-2x+1)+2016$

$=2[(x+y)^2+2(x+y)+1]+3(x^2-2x+1)+2016$

$=2(x+y+1)^2+3(x-1)^2+2016\geq 2016$

Vậy $D_{\min}=2016$ khi $x+y+1=x-1=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=-2$

$E=x^2-2x+4y^2+4y+2014$

$=(x^2-2x+1)+(4y^2+4y+1)+2012$

$=(x-1)^2+(2y+1)^2+2012$

$\geq 2012$

Vậy $E_{\min}=2012$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x-1=2y+1=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=\frac{-1}{2}$

----------------------

$F=5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y-2x+30$

$=4(x^2+2xy+y^2)+x^2+y^2+2y-2x+30$

$=4(x+y)^2+(x^2-2x+1)+(y^2+2y+1)+28$

$=4(x+y)^2+(x-1)^2+(y+1)^2+28\geq 28$

Vậy $F_{\min}=28$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x+y=x-1=y+1=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=-1$

k: \(=\left(2-3x\right)\left(4+6x+9x^2\right)\)

i: \(=3\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)=3\left(x-y\right)^2\)

\(g,27+27x+9x^2+x^3=\left(3+x\right)^3\\ i,2x^2+2y^2-x^2z+z-y^2z-2=\left(2x^2-x^2z\right)+\left(2y^2-y^2z\right)-\left(2-z\right)=x^2\left(2-z\right)+y^2\left(2-z\right)-\left(2-z\right)=\left(x^2+y^2-1\right)\left(2-z\right)\)

\(k,8-27x^2=2^3-\left(3x\right)^3=\left(2-3x\right)\left(4+6x+9x^2\right)\)

\(l,3x^2-6xy+3y^2=3\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)=3\left(x-y\right)^2\)

Áp dụng Bunyakovsky, ta có :

\(\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x.1+y.1\right)^2=1\)

=> \(\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

=> \(Min_C=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)

Mấy cái kia tương tự 

P + (x2 – 2y2) = x2 - y2 + 3y2 – 1

⇒ P = (x2 – y2 + 3y2 – 1) – (x2 – 2y2)

= x2 – y2 + 3y2 – 1 – x2 + 2y2

= (x2 – x2) + ( – y2 + 3y2+ 2y2) – 1

= 0+ 4y2 – 1= 4y2 – 1.

Vậy P = 4y2 – 1.

a) \(P=3\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-2\left(x+y\right)-100\)

\(P=3\left(x+y\right)^2-2.5-100\)

\(P=3.5^2-110\)

\(P=-35\)

b) \(Q=\left[x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)\right]-2\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+3.5+10\)

\(Q=\left(x+y\right)^3-2\left(x+y\right)^2+25\)

\(Q=5^3-2.5^2+25\)

\(Q=100\)