a, Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\)

b, Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{2021a}{2021b}=\dfrac{2021a-c}{2021b-d}\)

c, Ta có \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{c}{d}\right)^2\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{c}{d}\right)^2=\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\)

bn làm r mà.

m, cf m fcmk

\(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{101}\)

\(2A=2+2^2+...+2^{102}\)

\(2A=\left(2+2^2+...+2^{102}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{101}\right)\)

\(A=2^{102}-1\)

\(B=5.2^{100}>2^{102}\)

Mà \(2^{102}>2^{102}-1\)

Nên B>A

\(M=1-2+2^2-2^3+2^4-2^5+...+2^{98}-2^{99}\)

\(=1-\left(2-2^2\right)-\left(2^3-2^4\right)-...-\left(2^{98}-2^{99}\right)\)

\(=1-2\left(1-2\right)-2^2\left(1-2\right)-...-2^{98}\left(1-2\right)\)

\(=1+2+2^2+...+2^{98}\)

\(2M=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{99}\)

\(2M-M=\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{99}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{98}\right)\)

\(M=2^{99}-1\)